2 others may have an opportunity to make further calculationsif desired. Table | lists exposure data on the various populations involved in the fallout. In the following rary village was constructed for the Rongelap people (including the 18 from Ailingnae) on Majuro Atoll several hundred miles to the south, where they lived for the following 3% years and were examined at yearly intervals by a special summary, except wheredata are broken downinto moredetail, the exposed group includes the people exposed on Rengelap and on Ailingnae (subject Nos. 1 to 86). medical team. In July 1957, after careful evalu- ation of radioactive contamination, Rongelap Island was consideredsafe for habitation. A new village was constructed, and the Rongelap people were moved there by Navy ship. The annual med- Summary of Past Findings ical surveys have since been carried out on Ronge- lap Island. A group of more than 100 Rongelap people, who wererelatives of the exposed people but had been awayfrom theisland at the timeofthe accident, moved back with the Rongelap people to their home island and have served as an ideal comparison population for the studies. The number has since increased to > 200. Following the initial survey of the Utirik people on Kwayalein in 1954, repeat surveys have been carried out on. these people about every 3 years, including the | 2year survey. In addition, during the past survey, as in the previous surveys, a visit was made to Kwayjalein and Majuro Atolls for examination of a number of Rongelap people now residing at these atolls, and also groupsof children whorepresent parts of the control group used for the growth and development studies of the exposed children. The accumulation of data from these surveysis becoming increasingly voluminous. Since condiuons have not been favorable for performance of extensive statistical analyses or use of electronic computing procedures to store and manipulate the data, the annual survey reports published by this Laboratory are made as complete as possible. This report, therefore, includes a considerable amount of raw data, much of it in appendices, so that Reports have been published on the medical findings of surveys made at the following times after exposure: initial examination,’ 6 months,’ 1 year,' 2 years,‘ 3 years,’ 4 years," 5 and 6 years,’ 7 years,” 8 years,” and 9 and 10 years.'° Appendix 1 gives a more complete list of reports, including outside publications, on the results of medicalsur- veys of the Marshallese exposed to fallout and includes a section on the radiation ecological studies of these Islands published largely by the University of Washington group. Thefollowing is a brief summary of the medical findings previously reported. Duringthe first 24 to 48 hr after exposure, about % of the people exposed on Rongelap Island experienced anorexia and nausea. A few vomited and had diarrhea, many also experienced itching and burning of the skin, and a few complained of lacrimation and burning of the eyes. None ofthese symptoms was notedin the Utirik people (14-rad group). Following this, the people remained asymptomatic until about 2 weeks after the accident, when cutaneouslesions and loss of hair developed, due largely to beta irradiation of the skin. It was apparent when the people were first examined, a few days after exposure, that the lvm- Table 1 Summary ofFallout Effects Group* Composition Fallout observed Rongelap Ailingnae 64 Marshallese 18 Marshallese Heavy (snowlike) Moderate (misthike) Utirik 157 Marshallese None Rongerik 28 Americans Estimated gamma dose (rads) Moderate {(mistlike) *Also exposed were 23 Japanese fishermen who received a subiethal dose. 175 69 78 14 Extent of skin lesions Extensive Less extensive Slight No skin lesions or epilation