PP HHH FI DFA AA dT AAA AIDIIIA IAI AAD SHH O SDS cer ert enh aetnaail nt eague chilis rctue eee 4 PART Ill, CHAPTER 4 HARDTACK,Phase I, 2 were high altitude, 4 were surface ground shots, 1 was a balloon shot, 2 were underwater or sub-surface, and 26 were detonated on floating zero stations. 4.3 The high altitude events required an entirely new test facility at Site How in Bikini Atoll for the Army Ballistics Missile Agency. This new facility included the construction of 62 scientific stations, and was rushed to completion in time for beneficial occupany only through a “crash” program involving emergency procurement and premium overtime payments. At the end of March, 1958, when the facility was substantially complete, it, became apparent that the entire ABMA program should be moved to Johnston Island for reasons of safety that developed only as the program advanced. Once the acquisition of Johnston Island from the Pacific Air Force Command was achieved by CJTF-Seven on 10 April 1958, the gigantic task of moving the entire ABMAfacility from Site How to its new location began. Construction crews removed the ABMAfacility and re-erected it at Johnston Island in record time. Construction at Johnston Island was completed on 15 July, two weeks ahead of schedule. ENGINEERING 4.4 The engineering of test structures for Operation HARDTACK involved the design and construction of more than 350 scientific structures at various locations within the EPG. UCRL requirements and criteria were in the hands of the AEC Contractor by the end of December, 1957, and those of LASL by the middle of January, 1958. To expedite the necessary engineering design and planning requirements of the scientific program from initial criteria to the release of approved plans for construction, H&N assigned Project Engineers from its Los Angeles Office to provide liaison with each of the major Scientific Users. At Jobsite, the AEC Contractor created the position of Technical Facilities Coordinator to execute new and revised engineering design requirements and to provide on-the-spot liaison between the Users and the Contractor’s Jobsite Engineering Division. Headed by the Contractor’s Assistant Engineering Manager and staffed with Project Engineers, Design Engineers, and Design and Senior Draftsmen from H&N’s Los Angeles Office, this group stayed in force at EPG from January until late April, 1958, at which time the position of Technical Facilities Coordinator was sustained by a Project Engineer until early June. The Technical Facilities Group proved very effective in the expeditious processing of — User requirements and changesinitiated at EPG and aided immeasurablyin the over-all construction effort. Drawings for Jobsite-designed test facilities were approved by the Eniwetok Branch engineering staff. CONSTRUCTION 4.5 Expansion of the off-site Rad-Safe Weather Station network called for the construction or rehabilitation of facilities at four other atolls in the Marshall Islands, Rongelap, Ujelang, Utirik, and Wotho and at Kapingamarangi and Kusaie Atolls in the Carolines; and at Tarawa in the United Kingdom Trust Territory of the Pacific, as well as at Nauru in the Australian Trust Territory. Weather Sta- tionswere also constructed at Truk and Ponape. In most cases, materials were precut at Site Elmer for assembly at the pertinent location. 4.6 The major scientific facilities at Eniwetok Atoll were constructed at Sites Yvonne and Janet and on the Gene-Helen-Irene complex. These facilities were utilized in the detonation of 18 LASL and 5 UCRL shots. Among the major scientific structures were Station 91, a 300-foot photo tower on Site Elmer; Stations 1130, 1611, and 1612 on Site Yvonne, and Stations 1212.01 and 1212.02 on the Gene-HelenIrene complex. Station 1312, constructed for LASL and EG&G, was the largest scientific structure built for the Operation (see Fig. 3-5). It was designed as a Recording Station for participation in the DOGWOOD, PINE, OLIVE, OAK, ELDER, YELLOWWOOD, TOBACCO, and WALNUT events. For this station alone, a total structural concrete pour of 3673 cubic yards was required. The floor plan provided for five utility rooms, connecting passageways, and an escape hatch compartment to the outside and through the roof. Station 21, the GZ Station constructed for LASL for the KOA event, consisted of two steel tanks, one inside the other, and three sand-filled boxes (see Fig. 3-6). The inner tank was 10 feet in diameter and 11 feet high; the outer tank was 30 feet in diameter and more than 22 feet high to maintain 10 feet of water above the inner tank. Power was supplied by two 30-kw, 120/208-volt motor generators. 47 Major scientific station construction at Bikini Atoll was required on the OboePeter-Tare complex and at Site How. Station 2200, Site Sugar, was modified to add a generator room, and a 150-foot diagnostic tower was constructed on top of the bunker and was des- ignated as Station 2250. In conjunction with the ABMA program,Stations 6001, a rocket firingpad andservice tower, and 6002, a control bunker, were constructed at Site How. In addition to the two major facilities at Site How, there were 60 stations constructed for participation in the two high altitude shots. When it was determined that the ABMAfacilities would be reconstructed at Johnston Island, all but 7 of the scientific stations originally located on Bikini Atoll were _ Baa. AE