United States of America (Continued) G/R.22 SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM THE HASL STRONTIUM PROGRAM TO JUNE 1956 Sumr es the data of research on Sr™® conducted by HASL since 1951. In- cludes 2*° content in fallout, soil, vegetation, human and animal bones, humar 3, milk, cheese, drinking water, and fish. Fallout measurements and samples cover not only United States of America but also several other countries. G/R.24 THE EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO THE ATOMIC BOMBS OF PREGNANCY TERMINATION IN HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI Gives full account of survey of pregnancies in Nagasaki and Hiroshima from 1948 to 1954: sex ratio, congenital malformations, still births, birthweights, neo-natal deaths, certain anthropometric measurements at 9 months, and autopsies were compared with parental irradiation histories. No significant correlations were found. G/R.54 SOME EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON HUMAN BEINGS A report on the Marshallese and Americans accidentally exposed to radiation from fallout and a discussion of radiation injury in the human being. Gives general and clinical symptomatology in relation to the estimated dosage and to internally deposited radionuclides. G/R.55 BACKGROUND RADIATION —-A LITERATURE SEARCH The results of literature search about background radiations to human beings are described and classified into three categories: (1) cosmic radiation; (2) terrestrial radiation sources; and (3) radiation from internal emitter. The cosmic radiation is important for the evaluation of natural background, Since it is estimated very roughly to contribute about a quarter of total background dosage to the human population at sea level and high latitude. However, its intensity varies with various factors, such as altitude, geomagnetic latitude, barometric pressure, temperature, etc. Facts directly related to biological effects of cosmic rays are also reviewed. Radiations from naturally occurring radioactive isotopes form another important part of the natural background. The contribution which comes from land : : * Pees eatestie - is mainly due to K*’, Ra***, Th?32, and U2*8 and the decay products of the last three nuclides. The radium concentrations in surface water and public water supplies in various districts are tabulated. The atmospheric concentration of Rn and Th is greatly dependent on the locality, atmospheric condition, and degree of ventilation, if indoor. The population dose due to the natural background radiation is difficult to evaluate in general, because of the statistical nature and varying conditions involved in nations. G/R.56 OPERATION TROLL Operation Troll was conducted to survey the radioactivity in sea water and marinelife in the Pacific area during the period from February to May 1955. The general conclusions obtained are as follows: 1. Sea water and plankton samples show the existence of widespread low- level activity in the Pacific Ocean. Water activity ranged from 0-579 d/min/ liter and plankton from 3-140 d/min/g wet weight. 2. There is some concentration of the activity in the main current streams, such as the North Equatorial Current. The highest activity was off the coast of Luzon, averaging 190 d/min/liter down to 600 m (1 April 1955). 3. Analyses of fish indicate no activity approaching the maximum permissible level for foods. The highest activity in tuna fish was 3.5 d/min/g ash, less than 1 per cent of the permissible level. ’ 4. Measurements of plankton activity offer a sensitive indication of activity in the ocean. 1928 i i t