provide the same shielding. Factors for converting circular salabe to
equivalent rectangular slabs are presented graphically in Ref. 19.
Further, it ie necessary to integrate cver the source region to find
the exposure dose rate for any constant thicknees of absorber.

It was found possible 53,55 to express the results of Goldstein and
Wilkins for the dose buildup factor, B, of Eq.17-13, for any given medium
and quantum energy, by an expression of the forn.

B=) 1+ a(ux) + v(wer?| ec(ux)

(17-19)

The constants, a, b, and c may be related to the quantum energy E, and

evaluated for various media. Values of the constants for buildup in
dron and air or water are given in Ref.55, Table 2. An expression of
the form of Eq.17-19 makes it possible to integrate over a source region,
since the buildup factor has analytic form and the resulting expression
is integrable.

The integrated expression for exposure dose rate due to

sources distributed in a volume of air or water beyond the surface of a

circular sleb is given in Ref. 54.

For simplicity of notation, the in-

tegral forms will be used in the remainder of this discussion.

Then the dose rate at an exposure point shielded from the volume
source by a finite circular slab of radius R may be expressed:

anR = do

Be -(ux)' av
lgxe

(r/hr)

(17-20)

Explicit calculation of the dose rate at a shielded location in
every case involves knowledge of the source strength, d,, a quantity
that may not be known. However, the shielding effectiveness of the

location is expressed in terms of an attenuation factor, or shielding

factor, representing the ratio of dose rate at a shielded location to

that at an unshielded location (epproximately over the exposure point
and usually considered to be 3 ft above the slab (deck).
In such ratios,

the source strength, do, cancels. Although shielding factors do not
provide actual dose or dose-rate values for below-decks locations, it

ie frequently desirable to evaluate the shielding factor for a given
location to determine the degree to which the ship's structure would
attenuate transit radiation.
The following ratios are used in practice

to evaluate the shielding factor:

REST AVAILABLE
COPY

17-59

Select target paragraph3