In contrast, a great deal of effort was devoted to calculating the external gamma exposure received by the off-site residents. The most substantial of these efforts was undertaken by the Test Manager's —fomnittee to Establish Fallout Doses (TMCEFD). This committee was Ibhaired by A. Vay Shelton of the University of California Radiation “Tioratory (now Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) and included Roscdea Goeke, US Public Health Service (PHS), William R. Kennedy, Los Alamos setentific Laboratory, Kermit H. Larson, UCLA, Kenneth M. Nagler, US eather Bureau, and Oliver R. Placak, USPHS. This Committee's mnajorsFeport was completed in 1959 (Sn59) and covered testing conducted upthrough 1958, but the report was not widely distributed nor formallypublished. The results, however, were summarized in a paper by-Binning (0u59) published in the 1959 Hearings on Fallout from Nuclear WeapongTests conducted by the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE). Thekedocuments provided estimates of exposure for 300 localities that were judged-tabe “within the fallout region.“ A controversy has arisen over-théseexposure estimates (Sh59 and Du59 refer to estimates of “dose,” but they clearly are estimates of exposure as we use the terms today); much ofthis controversy (e.g., Hu79) results from an alleged discrepancy between results reported by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) «“a predecessor agency of the Department of Energy, and the PHS. It is our opinion that this controversy is due entirely to a misunderstandingef-the terms and methods used by the TMCEFD (Sh59) and the PHS (e.g.,—-PHSSS5). _ There are several purposes for this paper. First,wewill explain the methods used by the TMCEFO in deriving their estimates; we believe these are the best estimates available at present because they were 203