- 2 CONTENTS paragraphs INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND e- 8 B. C. METHODOLOGY THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS 918 - 17 3h D. LIFE-SHORTENING AND AGING 35 - 57 2. 39 ~ he 56 - 57 1. Specific and non-specific life-shortening 3. Mechanisms of aging and life-shortening The notion of aging Conclusions PHYSICAL VARIABLES A. B. 96 Wy 5. 6. 7. Chinese hamster Dog Other mammals Conclusions 85 86 - 87 88 - 89 90 - 96 Rat Guinea-pig THE EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS 1. Mouse 2. Guinea-pig 3. Goat 5. Internal irradiation 80 81 - 883 84 LIFE-TIME IRRADIATION 97 - 150 103 — 123 12h 125 Dog 126 1e7 - Conclusions DOSE-RATE. DOSE FRACTIONATION, 1. Instantaneous dose-rate 139 140 - 150 CHRONIC TERMINATED EXPOSURES 151 — 191 152 - 157 2. Dose fractionation 158 - 172 hy Conclusions 181 - 191 Chronic terminated exposures RADIATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND ENERGIES 173 - 180 192 - 213 1. Data 192 - 206 2. Conelusions 207 ~ 213 SPECIFICITY OF LIFE-SHORTENING BIOLOGICAL VARIABLES A. 60 - 61 - 3. E. 55 Mouse 6. D. 43 - 38 1. 4. C. 35 ~ 58 — 222 THE EFFECT OF ACUTE SINGLE DOSES 2. 3. II. 57 A. uy I. 1- Pik —~ 220 223 - 289 GENETIC BACKGROUND eek — 2hh 1. 225 + 237 2. Inter-species differences Intra-species differences 238 - 2uy