Numerous technical experiments were carried out in conjunction with each of the three detonations. These experiments measured the yield and efficiency of the devices and attempted to gauge military effects of the explosions. DoD personnel participated in this test operation as individuals involved in AEC weapon design and development, as units performing separate experiments, and as units performing various support roles. An extensive radiological safety instituted: (radsafe) program with the following objectives was l. Keeping personnel radiation exposure at the lowest possible level consistent with medical knowledge of radiation effects and the importance of the test series 2. Avoiding inadvertent contamination of populated islands and transient shipping. This program established an organization to provide radsafe expertise and services to com- manders of the separate components of the task force, who were responsible for personnel the inhabited safety within their commands. Personnel were trained in radiological safety. Standards governing permissible exposure were established. The standards were 0.1 roentgen (R) per 24hour period and a maximum exposure of 3R for specifically approved missions. Film badges were issued to persons likely to be exposed to radiation, as well as a representative group of the task force. An extensive weather forecasting group was established to predict wind directions and areas of potential fallout. Personnel were evacuated from danger areas before each detonation. Reentry to radioactive areas was restricted to personnel required to retrieve important data, and their radiation exposures were monitored. TEST OPERATIONS AND EXPOSURES Each of the SANDSTONE tower shots produced islands in the area received appreciable fallout. 3 May, two days after the YOKE shot. fallout; however, none of Kwajalein received measureable fallout on The estimated dose from fallout for persons who were on Kwajalein for the entire test series was calculated to be 0.075 R. Most task force personnel were on Kwajalein or aboard ships. The remainder were on Enewetak and stayed there for the three shots. The temporary camps on the northern and eastern islands of the atoll near the detonation sites were abandoned and dismantled before the shots. Task force ships evacuated the lagoon, except for USS Albemarle (AV-5), USS Mount McKinley (AGC-7), USS Curtiss (AV-4), and USS Bairoko (CVE-115), which remained in the lagoon near the base islands on the southern side of the atoll. Highest DoD exposures for both the Army (6.050 R) and the Navy (5.140 R) were accrued by radiation monitors from the Joint Radiological Safety Group. Only eleven personnel (0.6 percent of those badged) received exposures in excess of the imposed standards of 3 R. In fact, radiation exposure for badged JTF 7 personnel at SANDSTONE averaged less than 0.25 R, and approximately 65 percent had zero exposures. The unbadged men were not expected to be exposed to radioactivity. Recorded SANDSTONE exposures are summarized in the table on the following page.