a ee The fundamental premise is that precipitation REFERENCES l. T. E. Hakonson, L. J. Johnson, and W. D. Purtymun, "The Distribution of Plutonium in Liquid Waste Disposal Areas at Los Alamos," in USAEC report CONF~730907-Pl (1974), pp. 248-253. 2. T. E. Hakonson and K. V. Bostick, "Cesium-137 and Plutonium in Liquid Waste Discharge Areas at Los Alamos," in Fourth NationalSymposium on Radioecology 3. (1976). J. W. Nyhan, F. R. Miera, Jr., and R. J. Peters, "The Distribution of Plutonium and Cesium in Alluvial Soils of the Los Alamos Environ," in Fourth National Symposium on Radioecology (1976). 4, T. E. Hakonson and L. J. Johnson, "Distribution exhibits a high degree of variability in time and pace from less than 60 sec and 100 m out to the cales of large-scale synoptic weather systems. seVeral physical processes, each of which have small-scale variations, interactions with che other processes can lead to errors\in the result. J. W. Nyhan, F. R. Miera, Jr., and R. E. Neher, "Distribution of Plutonium in Trinity Soils after 28 Years," J. Environ. Qual. (1977), in United States Atomic Energy Commission, Enewetak Radiological Survey, USAEC Nevada Operations Office report NVO-140 (1973). 7. ¥F. W. Whicker, "Radioecology of Natural Organ- isms and Systems in Colorado," in Twelfth Annual Progress Report on AEC Contract AT(1I-1)-1156 (1975), pp. 4=40. 8. F. W. Whicker, ©. A. Little, and T. F. Winsor, “Plutonium Behavior in the Terrestrial Environs of the Rocky Flats Installation," in Symposium on Environmental Surveillance around Nuclear Installations, Inrernational Atomic Energy 9. 10. li. For example, the scavenging effects \on pollutant clouds which have dimensions of Environmental Plutonium in the Trinity Site press. 6. the preliminary smoothing of one process prior to estimacing its covariant Ecosystem after 27 Years," in USAEC report CONF730907-P1 (1974), pp. 242-247. 5. In applications which depend on the interaction of ipitacion field also has variability on the same scale, it is incorrect to assume that the field is uniform. The data bases typically avail- able for asses&ment projects have a spacing between observation poikts of 10 to 100 km. that are driven In problems by higher resolution effects (e.2., some scavenging problems, drainage basin runoff, air-frame damage, Electromagnetic energy trans- mission), a subgrid\scale simulation is necessary. The simulation 4f fine-scale precipitation variability has been addressed in a computer code (TEMPEST) which uses Mdmte Carlo techniques to esti- Agency report IAEA/SM-180/45 (1974). mate the fundamentally P. B. Dunaway and M. G. White, "The Dynamics of Plutonium in Desert Environments,'' Nevada Applied Ecology Group Progress Report NVO-142, UC=2 (1974), fall morphology. model is a cell, and the chrrent representarion of M. G. White and P. B. Dunaway, "The Radio- Table I. ecology of Plutonium and Other Transuranics ochastic aspects of rain- The basic unit adopted in the the major elements of cell « morphology are given in TEMPEST incorporates a sophisticated geometry in Desert Environments," Nevada Applied Ecology Group Progress Report NVO-153 (1975). package, Mcn,? which allows a vary flexible specifi- W. C. Hanson, "Studies of Transuranic Elements cation of number and shapes of p in Arctic Ecosystems," in Fourth National Symposium on Radioecology (1976). The input parameters for rainfall cipitating zones. aracter are zone- dependent so that it is a straighctfotward matter to construct a synoptic storm with its redions of Rainout Collateral Damage Study stragiform precipitation, drizzle frontak showers, ON {S. Barr ‘ J. BD. Klett] Precipitation Morphology.--~Studies of precipitation strudture in che atmosphere have been initiated in cannection with an assessment of collateral damage die to precipitation scavenging of -Nuclear weapon debkis. these studies and tha The insights gained from computational model developed as the vehicle for exphessing these insights promise to be valuable additions \co the assessment tech- iments eters. 3,4 The ability 4f che model to produce integral statistics on l-, 3-, tested against tradition d 6-h accumulations was then climatological data to nology in a wide variety of\practical problems identify che spectrum of ra n-area-~fractions and inten- involving precipitation effects. sity discribucions for a selected geographic site. 65