14.

United

Nations

Radiation.

Scientific

Ionizing

United Nations

Committee

on

the

Effects

and

biological

radiation:

Sources

Fry.

progress:

Publication Sales No.

of

Atomic

effects.

£.82.1X.8, 06300P, United

Nations, NY, 1982.

15.
16.

Kohn, H.

I., R.

J. M.

Medical

NEW ENG. J. MED. 310:504-511, 1984.
A precise estimate for the Marshall
cosmic radiation, 22 mr/y

(2, 14,

Radiation oncogenesis.

|

Islanders is 0.04 rem/y, based on
17); and internal

radiation due to

potassium-40, 18 mrem/y (14, Annex B, Table 17).

The cosmic level

is

low owing to

radiation

is

sea-level

altitude.

The external

about the same as in much of Florida,

level

The value of .04 rem is well

below the estimated world average of 0.2 rem (14).
17.

Gudiksen, P. H., T. Rs Crites, W. L. Robison.
for

future

Bikini

Atoll

inhabitants.

External dose estimates

Lawrence

Livermore

National

Laboratory, Livermore, CA, UCRL-51879, Rev. 1, March 1976.

18.

Federal

Radiation

Council, Washington,

D.C.

the development of radiation standards.
Radiation

Council.

Report

No.

1,

May

Background material

for

Staff report of the Federal
13,

1960.

Also

see

Federal

Register, May 18, 1960, p. 4402.

19.

,

Naidu, J. R., N. A. Greenhouse, G. Knight, E. C. Craighead.
Islands:

A study of diet and living patterns.

Laboratory,

Brookhaven, NY,

BNL 51313,

July 1980.

Marshall

Brookhaven National
This study is the

most extensive one and provides the best discussion of the problem.
It is based on 3 different types of communities and observations over
some

7

years:

It

demonstrates

the

influence

of

local

and

external

factors, and makes the important point that the amount of food used in
preparing the diet can be estimated with reasonable accuracy, but the
amount

eaten

coconuts

is

are used

less

and

cannot

be

estimated

primarily for drinking,

accurately.

Many

especially during work

in

the groves, and much if not all of the meat may be discarded.

20.

For

Enewetak

Atoll,

the

Defense

Nuclear

Agency

assumed

that

the

average daily use was 4 to 5 coconuts per individual, but noted that
there was little hard evidence for the estimate.

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45

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