mea= hoe he | oe ee ae | by outright dumping or by using it as landfill. Bikini Atoll of soil, because cesium-137 is largely concentrated in the upper layers falling off exponentially with depth —an (Figure 4). soil to be removed varies from about 30 cm on Bikini a few centimeters on Enedrik (Tables 6, 8). be handled complex with impunity precautions, so would that be only The depth of Island to estimates of The spoil (excavated soil) can monitoring, necessary. but not Conventional costly masks might and be required for certain kinds of work owing to the level of dust or smoke. The disadvantages of direct removal topsoil is lost; second, some 10 years will denuded island (shading and coconut are, first, relatively rich be required to revegetate the production are the slowest to appear (Appendix B)); and third, substantial skills and costs ($6-8 million) will be required for the revegetation program and to provide for agricultural development. Soil operation. removal becomes more For Bikini Island, the efficient jit jis time required would be when a large-scale 2 to 4 years. Based on the unit costs in Table 7, the total cost would range from $36 to: $80 million, depending dumping, island excavated area on extension, with lagoon how or the spoil causeway sediment is is disposed of, construction. an additional @€.g., marine Backfilling option. The the more important details for such soil-removal programs are as follows. r 4.3.1 burning the temporary shield refuse loss that of guards almost constantly. vegetation can be Clearing. or food The storing supply against it and process on an excessive unused the sunlight clearing the land and island. Aside destruction and the winds from the removes the that blow Under favorably planned conditions, it is thought that reestablished in production are the slowest to reappear. 9000031 involves amenity, for clearing. . The method is feasible at 33 8-10 years; shading and coconut . The estimated cost is $3 million