SK ARD TONMICOLUNGY Blair's original assumptions. ee eeere HM ALHUORNUCLILA . 347 the Rongelan residenis. Tre tatet cases are now 20 out of 64 expo:ees, 17 children y, Peer trOn DOMES tO @ MuUutpucaly oF factors ? reo Hy . vow ove 2 babes (tolerate) raed wien doses to Thyroid Surge;y G1 4a vee ee2 ee ke ee ge eee miatous nodules except fore Cumed papiary and fllicular cercinoma “in one eduli faunal, The hss rea sph rhea sociated caith jodine deficiency but ihe Mi&rs:hathtessNiniives tal laigd altoudis of seafood ond de aot normiliv show iodine detcieney Growth and dovelornicat reterd. tion were also deserrbed in sight to moderate deyres ia some of the exposed children. Two mate children developed atrophy of the Wyte and cons Jocubl: growch retardation. The condition was eansiderably alleviated by treatnient with theroid hormone. Exrosees on neighooring islands that reccived considerably lower doses (by a factor of at least 7) have not shown anyof the above changes with the exception of one nodular thvraid in an tadividual receiving about 40 % otthe dose calculated for the Rongelap reswdeats. It cana v2 stated with surety thet this is racicgenic. No lu axemia hus been seen in the exrosed eroun. Fertility has been unchanged but the number of miscarriages and s:ill-births was about a factor of 2 higher in the exposed women during the first 4 years after exposure. This has not continued since the initial period. Of special iniportance is the delay in development of these effects of iodine in fall-out. Until the mid-1960s, i-e., for over 10 years after exposure, the exposed peopie gave no obvious evidence of thyroid abnormality. Other popelations have received more than the world-wide dose from fall-out but these Fave not and cannot be studied with ine precision of the Marshaliesc group. For example. a group of children (4827 examined) in St. George, Uta received Jou but significant exposures to fall-out from some of the early Nevada tests. This population, exposed in the early 1950s, has proven difficult to study. Pstirated doses in the mast exposed group range from 84-120 rads Av (182, 483) obtiined primarily by drinking contaminated milk. Attemprs to fina way: rogas araiaee pathelogs o> this croup correla.aLin with ingesties cf contaniitalai milk have not been successful. Hoffman (184) conchices that “based cn the available data with its limitations, the exposure received by the children does not appear to have caused any significant inciease in thyro d peonlas a.” Barring unexpected new findirgs. it must be conciuded Jia: this wie Tow these could operate tu produce son tad? Wathout such direct Vai titeiaoy nhomung lines io data with Conaderabie “yy craim of dose-response relationships is rane al how doses, an almost unending task; Ce Raceand UMe-consuming task: and we Gulogy which would verify the models /ENTAL ASPECTS uvcr ous activity generated by the ianced our knowledge of tie metabolism ss ip fission. In the period of this review coos beeun by the AEC and later the U.S ea thuarly, They show continued decrease - «Atmosphere and the biosphere which had “ro arts irom the AEC’s Health and Safety vert ‘ue wyerai stations of the PHS network itt and Reports” should be consulted for + se. und French tesis on the inventory of ar sports on the amounts of fission products, ove CLS8-171) show the tenavior of the i -*a Drutd terms but idiosyncratic in Cctaiis. noe Viegas Popiuations have been searched ved cied of especially high concentration; he arctic, ~ ‘rou food chains and their circulation in be viewed as reasonablyestahtisted “tia, Of many details (172-180). The 1979 «i.eally Useful compendium. 28 of an acute fall-out exposure on man are, ' wcert, the residents of the Macshi “tlap, and the crew of a Japiciese rishing * Boseclap group, which vas curased “us dear device in 1954, has been dilige. aly Sata) reap. Th oorips tat ite ov faodme Conan) 2 sb group wil not sield anv further information. Begianing in the iate 1960s, Sterrglass has contended that there is a causal asseciatian between the deposition of fall-out nuclides, particularly °°Sr, ard rh tad Core ‘rmortolity, including 2 ereater than exnected incidence of childhootc enia. Since he is now applying the same views to 1rauicnucic: deo ch cues fe 4 velar enerev installations, the discussion will be postponed to the fobes i Py Secon, Cab eras rp ores Pots was ater the esr oP 8 oneRdes fram nuclear eneriy fastalianons—Tne envrar‘ued ang poonied Gleharge of rau es foin avelgar TSP OR wee ate: \ . Se : Ma s : fe : asc antene ‘geessrpnrtt Deedee get am pene , | PE EIS pete ent a : Ff ace. ‘be cad : Gay ty \ ‘ ra A ., fo te ree ay | ce ft ~ . » a Ae reteSS ork \ ; rea, fase NN tes tt beiTP Be PRET Oat eaten cave . . 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