-8thyroidism in two of the most retarded boys who had atrophic glar ds but no nodules, and a positive growth response to thyroid hormone the rapy. Their protein bound iodine levels were below 2 pg percent. Two a ther children with thyroid nodules showed low values also. ' The radiation etiology of these thyroid lesions appears to ably certain in view of the following facts. (1) The thyroid gl reason- ceived a substantial dose of radiation from radioiodines and ext gamma radiation. (2) Only a few older people in the unexposed o exposure groups have shown any nodules of the thyroid gland. (3) diet is not lacking in iodine and there are no known goitrogenic 9. Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission -- Adults The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission has reported 14 cases of cancer among survivors less than 1400 meters from the hypocenter; 12 were found in the Hiroshima group, 2 in the Nagasaki group. These sur had received external radiation; radioactive iodine probably was contributory factor. The frequency of thyroid cancer appears gre the Japanese population than in the United States. The estimates thyroid cancer range from 4.7 percent among all cases of thyroid in Japanese hospitals ll 3.1 percent in a study made at the Kyoto sity Medical School,/* to 13 percent at the University of Hiroshi Socolowl4 points out that although the over-all incidence of thyr cancer may not differ greatly among the atomic bomb survivors the incidence does differ. Eight of his 21 cases were under 35 years whereas at Kyoto 85 percent of the cases were diagnosed after t of 40. Three of Socolow's cases at Hiroshima were between 3000 a meters from the hypocenter. These probably received little or no tion on the basis of the most recent recalculations of dose.}> Th mates of doses given by Socolow for his cases range from 33 rads 2620 rads. Seven of the thyroid cancers found in the two citie veloped in persons under 20 years of age at the time of the atomic ing. The estimated thyroid dose received by them ranged from 256 2620 rads. Lsano, S., Konoe, K., and Iokawa, N.: Japan. Statistics on thyroid disefses in Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 34 (3):230, 1958. 12viyake, T., Torizuka, K., and Kusakabe, T.: Epidemiology of thy roid disease in Japan. Shindan to Tiryo 50:783-796, 1962. l3xusunoki, N., Aoki, M., Nakagawa, S., and Masuda, T.: thyroid gland. f£ Diseases Hiroshima Igaku Gencho 7 (6):1461-1467, June 1959. 14 Socolow, E. L., Hashizume, A., Neriishi, S., and Niitani, R.: Tyroid carcinoma in man after exposure to ionizing radiation. A summary of the findings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. New England J. Med. 268 406410, February 21, 1963 15Auxier, J. A., Cheka, J. S., Haywood, F. F., Jones, T. D., Thorng ate, J. H.: Free-field radiation-dose distributions from the Hiroshin lia and Nagasaki bombings. Health Physics 12:425-429, March 1966. POE ARCHIVES fo