25 lar disease was prdswbly of lower incidence in the Marshallese. Thergwere two low readings in the exposed group, one in a 63-vear-old woman with abdominal carcinosis and ascites of ovarian origin and the other in an 81-vear-old man ( = +6) with marked hypertensive and arteriosclerotic cardio- forms of heart disease. One evident case of inactive rheumatic heart disease occurred in a boy of 14 years | = 76) with typical signs of mitral valvular involvement and moderate cardiac enlargement. He was symptom-free and his electrocardiogram was normal. vascular disease. 4. Veins. There was nearly a total absence of periphéral venous disease —- thrombophlebitis, phlebothrombosis, varicose veins, or hemorrhoidsin both men and women. Only one individual showed varicose veins in the lower legs, in minimal degree. 5. Other Cardiac Conditions. No patients were observed with luetic, metabolic, or nutritional Table 17 Incidence of Individuals With X-Ray Evidence of Osteoarthritis in Rongelap, by Age and Sex (Only those rated as 24 or higher are included) Age, yr No. in age group Persons with 2+ osteoarthritis Number 28 3 Total 9 16 8 5 0 0 0 2 1 5 4 106 12 Table 16 shows the major ophthalmological findings. No major differences were found between the exposed and the unexposed groups except, as has been noted in the past, for a slightly greater incidenceof pterygii, pingueculae, corneal scars, and pigmentation in the exposed group. As a whole both groups showed vision and accommodation levels above the average in the United States. The absence of glaucoma wasalso notable. The incidence of retinal arteriosclerosis, squints, and congenital diseases was very low. No cases of basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids or of retinitis pigmentosa were seen. , The degree of changes in accommodation, vjs- a ual acuity, arcus senilis, and retinal arteriosclerosis have been plotted against age. The plots show no Males 0- 9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 30-59 >60 OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS obvious differences between the exposed and unexposed populations. (See Figures 19 to 22 and further discussion in the section on aging.) Slit-lamp examinationsof the lens showed no opacities in the exposed Marshallese resembling those that had been noted in the irradiated Japa- nese. Females 0- 9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 > 60 Total 23 17 16 12 3 6 11 0 0 1 0 0 4 8 88 13 ARTHRITIS SURVEY 1. - The incidence of osteoarthritis, as indicated by the hand and wrist x-ray survey, is shown, by age and sex, in Table 17. The small number of indi- viduals in the susceptible age groups precludes an accurate estimation of the prevalence; however, 1t Males Plus Females , 0- 9 51 0 20-29 30-39 40-49 * $0-59 >60 33 21 19 14 16 i 2 | 9 i2 3.0 9.5 3.3 64.3 75.0 194 25 12.9 10-19 40 Total 0 Osteoarthritis oy, 0 does not appearto be grossly different from that found in the United States white population studied by Dr. Alice Waterhouse and cited by Blumberg et al.° In accordance with general clintcal experience, there was no close correlation be- tween x-ray findings and clinical symptomsof arthritis, i.e., subjects with quite advanced osteo- arthritis as determined by x-ray often had no complaints referable to their joints.