portation. Since a survey of all individualsslowed thacthere was significant contamination of skin and clothes, prompt decontamination was instituted. Cloth es were removed and laundered, Their skin and hair were washed repentediy with fresh waler and soap, In many individuals, particularly in the Marshallese, it was difficult to wash the redivgactive material from the hair because of the heavy coconut-oil hair dressing used by these people Table Li EXPOSED AND CONTROL UNEXPOSED GROUPS Approsxiniate Group Dcsignation Total Distance Hffective Number in Group from Bikini (Naul. Miles) Time of Fallout 135 H+ G8 he Americans, 28 Exposed Rongerik : Americans, Control Instrument Readings Best Estimate Used in Dose Calculations of Total Gamma Dose in Airqr}* Ho+ 28.5 hr 280 me/hr 78 (8 men} H+ 9 days Time of Evacualion . ‘ . . H+ 34 hr(20 men} 105 Kwaj-American Marshallese, 64 105 H+ 4 hr kxposed Rongclap . Ailinginae 18 83 Utirik 157 270 Marshallese, 117 H+ 4 hr H+ 22 hr Ha SOhr 375 mr/hr (16 people) Ho4 5) hr (48 people) H+ 58hr H+ 7 days Started at HWe+ 55 her Completed at Ho+ 78 hr ‘100 mr/ir H+ 9 days 40 me/hr Heo + 8 days . 175 69 14 Control Majuro Group Total Exposed —267 Total Control, —222 *Seeo Section 1.4.3, 1.4 ESTIMATIONOFWHOLE BODYEXTERNALDOSE The estimated values of external dose given in Table 1.1 were based on readings of AN/PDR-39 field instruments. Averages of a number of dose rate measurements on each Nt ee ee eepee pe island at a given time were used. The readings were taken in air, approximately 3 feet above ground, several days after the inhabitants wore evacuated. Before this time, adequate surveys wilh well calibrated instruments had not been passible Several variables which influence the results ure indicated below. These will be discussed in greater detail in an addendum report on external dose, which will contain the data, methods and calculations by which the external dose analysis was made. 4 Energy|Distribution ofthe Palloul GarnmaRadiation, Ils ¥:iriation With Time, the Response¢of the Meleriiy Ratch.Ene rey Region and Its ‘Cor rection. Factor foc the ‘Total DoseSpectrum Fallout deposited as an effectively infinite plane source resulted in the dose-energy histogram shown in Fip. 1.2, Is coeryy distribution was the result of deyradation of the oripinal 16 CONFIDENTIAL eyzsp4513° ce casee