24
man chain of small but detectable amounts of

radioisotopesstill present on the island.

Acknowledgments
The success of a mission of this type depends on
the cooperation and help of manyindividuals and

organizations. Their number is too large for each

to be mentioned, but the authors wish to express
their sincere appreciation to them all, and in particular to some of the individuals whose efforts
contributed so much to the successful completion

of the mission.

Dr. Charles L. Dunham and hisstaff of the
Division of Biology and Medicine, Atomic Energy
Commission, were most helpful in coordination
and expedition of arrangements with other governmental agencies.
At Brookhaven National Laboratory weare
indebted to Dr. Lee E. Farr, Director of the Medi-

cal Department, for his guidance and assistance;
to Dr. S. W. Lippincott for histopathological
interpretation of the skin biopsies; and to Dr. E.P.
Cronkite, Dr. V.P. Bond, and Dr. J.S. Robertson
for help and advice on various aspects of the
program.
The Department of Defense and particularly
the Departmentof the Navy,as in thepast, contributed most vitally to the mission. The help of the

Chief of Naval Operations and Commander,
Hawaiian Sea Frontier, in furnishing an LST

made possible the examination of the Utirik
people and the smooth working of other transportation arrangements.
Weare deeply grateful for the unfailing enthusiasm and assistance of Comdr. I.V. King
(MSC) USN of the Naval Medical Research

Institute, who acted as the Navy liaison officer

throughout the planning and operative stages of
the mission. Wearealso grateful to Capt. E.O.
Van der Aue (MC) USN, Commanding Officer,

and Capt. J. Pollard (MC) USN ofthat Institute for their enthusiastic support. At the Naval
Radiological Defense Laboratory Capt. Richard
5S. Mandelkorn USN and Capt. A.R. Behnke (MC)
USN werehelpful.
Weare mostgrateful to Lt. James P. Nolan

(MC) USNR, who acted as Navalliaison to our

group from the Hawaiian Sea Frontier. His untiring efforts in makinglogistic arrangements and

assistance in carrying out physical examinations
at Utirik Island were of immeasurable help to the
medical team. Also Lt. Al Sprague, USN,of the
staff of the Hawaiian Sea Frontier was most helpful in making arrangements for the team at
Hawaii.

Lt. Comdr. W.E. Smith, USN, Commanding
Officer of the LST 859, and his officers and crew

wereof great assistance to the team on the voyage
to Utirik. The conning of the ship throughthe
treacherous waters of Utirik Lagoon was evidence
of real seamanship.
At Kwajalein, Capt. W.C. Short, Jr., USN,
Commanding Officer of the Naval Station, and
his staff were most helpful to the group.
At Majuro we are most grateful to Mr. Maynard Neas, the District Administrator, Dr. A.

Hicking, District Health Officer, Mrs. Ruth Mar-

tin, Administrator of the Marshall Islands Memorial Hospital, and their staff, who were of great

assistance in supporting the operation. Wealso
wish to express our appreciation to Trigar Ishoda,
practitioner, and Nelson, technician, for their

assistance in carrying out the examinations.

References
i. Cronkite, E.P. et al., The Effects ofIonizing Radiation on Human Beings: A Report on the Marshallese
and Americans Accidentally Exposed to Radtation
from Fallout and a Discussion of Radiation Injury
tn the Human Being, U.S. GovernmentPrinting
Office, Washington, D.C., 1956.

2. Koyoma,Y.et al., Zrye (published by Iryo Dokokai, Medical Affairs Bureau, Ministry of
Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan) 9, No.1,
5-45 (1955).
3. Bond, V.P., Conard, R.A. Robertson, J.S., and

Weden,E.A. Jr., Medical Examination ofRongelap People Six Months After Exposure to Fallout,
WT-937, Operation Castle Addendum Report

4.1A, April 1955.
4. Cronkite, E.P., Dunham, C.L., Griffin, D.,
McPherson, S.D., and Woodward, K.T.,

Twelve-Month Post-Exposure Survey on Marshallese

Exposed to Fallout Radiation, BNL 384 (T-71),
August 1955.
5. Conard, R.A., Huggins, C.E., Cannon, B.,
Lowery, A., and Richards, J.B., Medical sur-

vey of Marshallese two years after exposure to

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