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munity was about 6 roentgens. There were about $06 orsy
who -received exposures between Gland 10.0 rventgens. 4
ee ee
of the above radiation doses are accpmulated loses since: \
Nevads Test Site opened in WH1*
*
Maving delineatedWiese hihest exposures it is proper
Giscuss “uverage”
ekpunres singe pfheen hoon refevanee |
evaluating possible gonetic offects. “The average whole be
exposure to persons in the United Stater (to lc accumula
over 30 years) from all past nuclear deyonation (ests of Uni
States, United Kingdom and ULS.S.R. (the irench tests ¢
tributed very little) has been estimated to be 110 millirag
yene® (0.11 roentgens).!
Somewhat over une half of tinie}
posure will result from radivactive’fallout materials outa
thebody. The remainder is due to carbon 1 and cesium?
HOLMES AMD HAR WEP PHOTO
FIGURE 3.—-Rongelapese returned to their home island Jung 1957. Structures
were newly built by the U.8. Government,
itching of the skin (see section on Skin Exposure below, sec-
tion | C page &).
Also, there were definite changes in levels of blood constituents for months afterwards. The Marshallese have been ex-
amined by a team of physicians yearly and to the present time
no statistical differences have appeared between them and the
“eontrol” group for such factors as birth and death rates, lifeshortening, leukemia, cataracts or cardiovascular, arthritie,
ophthalmic, or dental defects. There may be a suggestion of
greater incidence vf miacarriages and atillbirthe and more
recent data indicate that there may be a lag in growth and
development of the children, but the paucity of vital stutistics
and the small number of persons jnvelved preclude a determin:
nation,
Tt was reported by the Japanese (hat some fishermen aboard
a vessel nenr the Pacifie Proving Ground on the same date may
have received a higher exposure than the Marshallese! (ine
of these fishermen died on Septembe: 23, 1954 of a fiver disorder
complicated by the development of jaundice and pocumonin.
The highes’ estizeated exposure to any individual near the
Nevada Test Site was 1.4 roentpers and the vext piehest
10.5 roontgens The highest ostin fed exposing te any corn
6
deposited internally folie ing invention |‘inhalation cor
butes neglivible amounts).
In the case of the Eskimus, the highest measured amou
externally deposited cesium 137 In any individinl was in Jd
1963." hie highest quantity of casium 137) would prod
dose rate of about 190 milliroentyens (0.10 rovttwen) per ¥
at the tine of measurement. The higher! sverage for
group (Anaktwyuk l’ass, Alaska) waa aboul one-half of”
value. Since cesium 137 contamination of the lichena ‘
surface phenomenon very little is taken oj) from the nq
and the normalbiological time to remove lili of any re
ing cesium activity in the body is only about (00 days or pow
less, the annual dose should drop off in Hit 65
|
Evalvatien
.
3
A whole body exposure of 175 roentgen: (Marshallese!
perience in 1064) iv far in excoss of an acceptable expogi
As contrasted with the surface burate in iid, the 1062"
tests in the Pacific were burste in the air hop t onouph af
the rurface to eliminate measurable lucnd Fila,
;
Only a few individuals hove exceeded by iocall amounty
criterion of 10 roentyens in Mh yeargeatabtisiicd forthe Ney
TentSite.
The whule body average population $0 yeu exposure af
milliroentgens (0.11 roentgen) is about Chree percent of |
from natural sources. The diftrenee in nacarul backgrg
radiation levels at various localities dagthe United States at
much greater than all of the whole body cox cosure trom
out.
TA outteoentven pe Plas ota poentgen.