* ‘vperations or national defense, against the risks” (radiationjis... exposure). Obviously, this is an exceedingly complex and, Mees. : ‘part, subjective process. ot ae ag : + hers e Fa is gh Bhemk wiibiedc ak ; : P in spite of these diMcullies this balancing of henefits frome _ normal peacetime operations against risls has been performed” Lo . by - the Federa)Radiation Council (FRC). resulting in their’. coe TESTING SITES Fecommending radiation protection Peete me LaLaeeet eo j s . - [na letter of August 17, 1962 to the Joi>* Committee on ee Ls BOO . Znerey Congress of the United Stacesthe FRC clarified” iSage sfurther their pyblished Guides;.. i w ‘ eh 3 e's Lote £, U " a "Heatine: Gulden, were,ort inallywdeveloned dine tion workers and the general public against exposures «+ i: i Ly ;i . a ‘ necessity waders iw fallw within lev Teof exposure aeceptablefora lifetime,“ Furthermore, to provide the maximum maryin of safety, the:upper limits of 1 Range II were related to the lowest possible level at which it was believed that'nuclear industrial technol- ‘NEVADA TEST SITE 1 The safety programs and procedures described heloy in use during atmospheric tests at the Nevada Test Site. the signing ofthe Limited Test Ban ‘Treaty essentially these praranis remain in effect, but yenerally at a9 level, thus providing for » continuous monitoring of ¥ and the environment for documentary purposes, and: - ance of a nucleus of well trained personnel (fig. ‘ 3, tion in the original selection of the Nevada Test Site ge Ae "gg es ey The health und safety of persons wis the major con continues to be of paramount importance during the q of nuclear tests. An exhaustive search was made bef Nevadn site was selartad an the most suitable one inally contained 600 square miles (later expanded to "1,200 square miles) adjacent to the U.S. Air Force Gj ¥ : ij ‘ta releases of radioactive offtuents to the general environment!" | 8, t0 thepublic, Bafety ofpersonnelwasundisfurther 4 . OS i “uides developed primarily for use by industry in reatricti i 1 | : 3 ’ are : _ Range of 4,000 square milea. For purposes of gencral| as well as security, the Tost Site was and continues to bg phe. lowerthanthosethatmightconstitute seerioushealthhazard: tox ships, ie., the identifyiny or associating of nuclear tests withy ° } hand,vey theAret axfonateallylendstothee econ second.Aaig’: - 1°% therehuvebeenoecasionawhenresides ave: beet ret : | A fourth reason why concern has begn expressed about. | fost healthrisks from fallout maylie in the ares of causalrelations +; “l wai nuclear war. There may have been established in the minds of. Pa to determine that no one had wandered into the area. Beyond these controlied arens are wie expanses ofa populated ane providing optimim conditions for maint of aide A hone hes been« is al Sunraely popula tie twit anitore hav iv en Kiven ri ein of testi gauon of eureltonahpe ig avon he nope of ty? fa aora na ulyAgts and, ie. the first axiomatically leads booklet, yet one point must be made. 5 As a matter of technical fact, nuclear weapons of proven performance would not have been possible without the testing of nuclear devices and the verfying of nuclear concepta that were incorporated into their design. Whatever protection we enjoy from our nuclear arsenal results fron a stor} pile of test- proven nuclear weapons, not a stockpile of drawing board sketches. ‘ 32 -%. ; i oy could be developed . . - : 4 a4 ; gh regulation’ of c continuin industry,’the Rane of Ly 3h . "4d; numerical.yalues in the Guides were designed for the iden i] a, which might result durin ‘normal peacetime opera- radiation ne . theterm OOeeetlications "of nuclear technolo; , where - the rimary control is | placed on. the design and use of the’source. Since ..**% & ie]: Bp ” 4 Generel 7 a eh . 4 : tions’ in connection with the industrial use of onions! APPENDIX SAFETY PROCEDURES AT THE NUCLEAR There have also been occasions wher jeriuns have beeg to remain indoors for n few hours to reduce the radinta although the out-of-door exporure woudl have been fo, hazardous, Before cach and every unclear detonation as che Teast Site, an Advisory Panel of experts werghad carefy of the factors that insared safety On the pone! were