of necessary materials to the jobsite. The final result of the delay in receipt of money, the late submission of criteria, and the late construction

was that, again, experimenters were pressed for time to prepare their sta-

tions. The early shots, however, were delayed only briefly by the construction delays.

,
The construction required by revisions to the firing schedule, starting
with the Teak and Orange move and ending with the Quince move from Bikini
to Eniwetok, was handled entirely in the fleld. Its accomplishment was made
possible by the fnitial overstocking of equipment for shot barges and "T"

boat hulls and by the great cooperation of the contractor's construction

forces. On April 1 the contractor estimated that to move Teak and Orange
and supporting experimentation to Johnston Island would require over 6

months.

Three months later, on July 7, all Johnston Island construction had

been completed.

After the operation was well under way, construction for

13 new shot sites, including 5 BC type barges, 5 T boat hulls (one a Pinex

type), Fig and Quince ground shots, and a new Teak/Orange site, was ini-

tiated. Construction on each of these was accomplished within the time set
when it began.
The work order system in effect during Hardtack makes it impossible
to estimate the number of work orders and specific tasks laid upon the
contractors. The operation required the construction and support of a total

of 1155 stations. Nearly 5500 man-hours of machinist time were expended
in the J-6 shop in support of the TG mission.
Intra-atoll Airlift.

Intra-atoll airlift at Eniwetok was provided by CTG

7.4 using 9 H-21 and 6 H-19 helicopters augmented by 6 L~-20 liaison air-

craft. At Bikini CTG 7.3 provided 15 USMC H-19 type helicopters augmented by 3 of CTG 7.4's Liaison aircraft.
At Eniwetok, the airlift requirement was at a sustained maximum from
the beginning of the operational period in March through the month of June.

Helicopters flew an average of 760 hr per month, carrying almost 6000 passengers and 70,000 lb of cargo each month. The L-20's averaged 350 flying
hours, carrying 2200 passengers and 10,000 ib of cargo each month. Shipments of small, urgently needed pieces of equipment on J-4 manifest totaled
2106 lb for the operation.
The basic 7.1 evacuation and recovery requirement involving intra-atoll
flights at Eniwetok was to obtain immediate support of emergency scientific
needs created during dry runs and postshot surveys. On the first -1 day,
it became evident that the reaction time for laying on support missions was
excessive when the aircraft and the Transport Control Agent were on Fred
while the users were on Elmer. Thereafter, it became the practice that, at
least on -1 and D-days, the aircraft and a 7.4 Operations Officer were sta-

tioned on Elmer.

This, combined with maximum utilization of fixed schedule

airlift, ultimately led to an optimized arrangement which culminated on the

last D-day in 23 precisely timed takeoffs on very critical recovery missions,

ali of which were completed in less than the allotted time.

Since there may be an extended interval before the next operation, it
should be recorded that H-21 aircraft, because of their ability to carry

greater loads, wera used to sustain the scheduled airlift, while the H-19's
were used for photo missions because of their greater stability, and for rad-

safe and sample recovery missions because their engine position reduced the
radiation hazard to the pilots.

At Bikini, the total traffic was considerably less than at Eniwetok,
86

Select target paragraph3