SAMPLING OF SOILS FOR TRANSURANIC NUCLIDES: A REVIEW E. B. Fowler and-E. H. Essington Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico ABSTRACT A review of the literature pertinent to the sampling of soils for radionuc]ides is presented; emphasis is placed on transuranic nuclides. Sampling of soils is discussed relative to systems of heterogeneous distributions and varled particle sizes encountered In certain envirorments. Sampling methods that have been used for two different sources of contamination, global fallout, and accidental or operational releases, are included. INTRODUCTION An accurate assessment of the amount and distribution of transuranic nuclides in soils is necessary for the evaluation of environmental contamination resulting from accidental or operational releases and for establishment of baseline or background levels. One difficulty in sampling of soils for transuranic nuclides fe the generally hetercgeneous distribution of radionuclides, which can result in a high potential for cross-contarination during sampling. The heterogeneity results from the tendency for mest tranSuranic nuclides to form or associate with particles, rrom the multiplicity of sources, and from the variable nature of the soil. No one sampling procedure his Leen found that will provide a representative sample and adequately address all of the problems inherent in sampling of soils for transurantics. This report reviews the literature pertaining to sampling methods used for estimating transuranic nuclide content of sofis. Comparisons of sampling procedures or techniques are made when information is available. Some of the unique problems associated with sampling are discussed. 25