PREFACE Although Bikini Atoll has not been officially turned over to the Bikinians, a significant number of Marshallese reside there; and the population has risen steadily since rehabilitation efforts began in 1969-70. The population, numbering about 138 persons in April 1978, consisted of caretakers and agriculturists employed by the Trust Territory, and other Bikini families who found their way back to their atoll via Trust Territory trade ships. At the time this report was written the Bikini residents had been moved to Kili Island in the southern Marshalls and to Ejit Island, Majuro Atoll, (September 1978).