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I have not discussed a number of other considerations shown in the
schematic, and alsol should point out that, although an attempt is made
to take all relevant factors into account in these computations, the basic
knowledge relating to some of them is quite meager.
A number of com-
ponents of our research program are aimed at improvements,
Also, it is important to note that the CONDENSATION MODEL and
the CLOUD MODELs account for fractionation.
The most hazardous
radionuclides if ingested (strontium and cesium) are among the more
volatile of the fission products and, therefore, are among the last to
condense.
Thus, they become associated mostly with the smaller fall-
out particles and consequently are enhanced in world-wide and depleted
in local fallout.
The result is a reduction in the maximumconcentra-
tions of these nuclides compared to the values calculated if fractionation
is ignored.
Let me give you two illustrations of the application of these models.
One by Mr. Hong Lee of Stanford Research Institute was a study of the
vulnerability of municipal water facilities to radioactive contamination
from nuclear attack; !? and the other by Isotopes, Inc., a private research
organization located in Westwood, New Jersey, was study of the contamination of human food following nuclear attack.
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Both studies were
conducted under contract to the Office of Civil Defense.