of exposure, who died 2 years after the accident; (2) a 78-year-old man whodied, 3 years after exposure, of coronary heart disease complicating diabetes; (3) a 35-year-old man whodied of acute varicella, 4 years after exposure, who had received only 69 rads, having been on Ailingnae at the time A cardiovascular survey of the adults (1959)' showed nooutstanding differences between the exposed and unexposed groups. The people appeared to have less hypertension on the whole than is noted in people in the continental United States. Anarthritis survey (1959)’ showed nogreatdifferences between the exposed and the unexposed people, and about the same incidenceasis seen in of a cancer of the ovary at 5 years after exposure; and (5) a 78-year-old womanwhodied of traumatic vertebral fractures at 8 years after exposure. There was no apparentrelationship between anyof these deaths and radiation exposure. Four deaths have occurred in the comparison population. Thefive deaths that have occurred in the exposed people since exposure represent a mortality rate of 7.6 per 1000 population per annum, compared with 8.3 for the Marshall Islands as a whole. . Growth and development studies on the children differences between the exposed and unexposed groups except possibly a slightly greater number of cases of pterygia, pingueculae, and cornealscars in the exposed group.It is not known whetherthis finding is of any significance in relation to their radiation exposure. Slit-lamp observations showed no opacities of the lens characteristic of radiation exposure. As a whole, visual and accommodation levels in the Marshallese appeared to be above the average in the U.S. population. Five persons in the exposed population died of disease: (1) a 46-year-old man with hypertensive heart disease which had beenpresent at the time of the fallout; (4) a 60-year-old woman whodied (height, weight, anthropometric measurements, radiographic studies for bone age) have revealed that slight retardation in growth and development has occurred in the exposed boys who were under 12 years of age at the time of exposure, particularly those 12 to 18 months of age at exposure. Only slight immaturity was noted in the exposed female children. It was also noted that children born of exposed parents wereslightly retarded and that they hadslightly lower levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets, compared with male children of unexposed parents. However, since the latter children were on the average 4 monthsolder, the data did not justify a conclusion that thedifference in stature was associated with the exposure ofthe parents. It was difficult to evaluate the effects on fertility. However, a review of the birth rate of the exposed group over the past 8 years seemsto indicate no noticeable effect of their exposure onfertility. The 35 births represent a rate of 53 per 1000 population per annum compared with 37.3 for the Marshall Islands (1957). The 25 births over a 5-year period for the comparison population represent a rate of 21.8 per 1000 population. A somewhat greater incidence of miscarriages and stillbirths was noted in the exposed women during the first 4 years after exposure, but because of the paucity of vital statistics on the Marshallese and the small numberof people involved, the data are not readily amenableto statistical analysis. 5606101 American populations. Ophthalmological surveys showed no remarkable Dental surveys’ showed nosignificant differences in caries rate between exposed and unexposed groups. However, the incidence andseverity of peridontal disease wasslightly greater in the exposed group.It is not known whetherornotthis finding is related to radiation effects. The poor oral hygiene generally observed in the Marshallese hadits usual results, namely, high caries rate in teenage children, severe peridontal lesions in adults (heavy calculus andloss of alveolar bone), and edentulous mouthsin the aged. Radiation ex- posure did not appear to have affected developing dentition in the exposed children. Late effects of radiation. Various parameters usually associated with aging were measuredor estimated on a 0 to 4+ scale (skin looseness, elasticity, and senile changes; greying of the hair and balding; accommodation, visual acuity, and arcus senilis; hearing; cardiovascular changes including blood pressure and degrees of peripheral andretinal arteriosclerosis; neuromuscular function; and hand strength). Comparison of these measurements in exposed and unexposed individuals of the same age groups showed no apparentdifferences. A biological age score was calculated for individuals and groups by use of an average percentage score.Life shortening effects of radiation have not been apparent. As noted, the mortality rate was about the samein the exposed asin the unexposed people.