23 TT TT BOYS i / 80 | “4 a go x )- ; | 20 = | oH tii 4 i 6 toi fp 8 \2 14 ] o @ J | | 4 | oe — | 20/— cot 4 tt 6 bt} yp IO | ae <—_ | 00! »——*x EXPOSED o-—-O CONTROL Ioo WEIGHT (POUNDS) WEIGHT (POUNDS) 20 40 i20h— n x———* EXPOSED O-+ —o CONTROL 60 MEDIAN WEIGHTS 1958-1963 | | t | rT TI I GIRLS | “ TT 9 40 MEDIAN WEIGHTS 1958-1963 b o T Popp et 8 IO AGE (YEARS) l2 14 16 Figure 17. 16 AGE (YEARS) Figure 16. thought to be malignant. Sections ofthe tissues were reviewed by a numberof pathologists,* all of whom agreed that the nodules were not malignant and resembled in manyrespects adenomatoid goiters seen with iodine deficiency, with its characteristic regenerative rather than neoplastic proliferation. However, in the Marshall Islands, where fish and sea food are mainstays of the diet, iodine deficiencyts not likely and goiters are rare. Figure 10 showsa picture of the gross appearanceof the nodules and Figure 11 shows a microphotograph of one of the glands. The likelihood of these nodules being radiation induced is discussed in the Summarizing Discussion. The two girls who had were in boys 12 and 17 years of age and one in an adult woman 41 years of age. The nodules appeared grossly similar to those described in the teen-age girls in this report, and these cases will receive study and treatment. Growth and Development Studies. Analysis of the statural data from the 1963 survey indicated the persistence of the trends previously reported. As shown in Figures 12 and 13, no difference was apparent in medianstatures between the exposed and control groups amonggirls and between girls born to exposed and girls born to nonexposed parents.* Among the boys, however, retardation in statural growth of the exposed group between the ages of 5 and 12 years as compared with that complete thyroidectomies developed signs of hypo- of the control group was again noted (Figure 14). The difference in median statures between boys 21 still requires therapy including thyroid extract. exposed parents was also evident in 1963 (Figure 15). This difference has been attributed to the parathyroidism which responded to treatment. Parathyroid function returned in No. 17, but No. In the third case (No. 69) only a partial thyroidectomy was done, and she requires no therapy. Note: During the 11th-year survey now in progress (March 1965) 3 new cases of thyroid nodules in the exposed group have been detected. Two *Sections of tissue were reviewed and reported on by Drs. 8. Warren, New England Deaconess Hospital; G.H. Klink, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; C.J. Stahl, U.S. Naval Hospitalat Guam; H.A. Johnson, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and 5. Lindsay, University of California Medical School. born to exposed parents and those with nonfact that the boysin the group with exposed parents were, on the average, 4 months younger than the boys in the group with nonexposed parents. Nostatistically significant differences were noted in body weight curves between exposed and control children (Figures 16 and 17). In skeletal mat- uration, the trends reportedin the previousstudies *Dr. K.M. Griffith of the M.D. Anderson Hospital did the statistical analyses.