10 at Rongelap Village and also at Utirik Village while carrying out the examinations on these islands. 1964 SURVEY (10 YEARS POST EXPOSURE) The 1964survey did not include Utirik, since these islanders are examined only every 3 to 4 years in view of the small exposure they sustained from the fallout. Examinations werecarried out as in 1963 at Rongelap, Ebeye, and Majuro, the ma- jority being done at Rongelap. Table 2 showsthe distribution of Rongelap people on the various atolls. Examinations were conducted on 70 of the exposed Rongelap people, the 43 children of exposed parents, and 208 of the adults and children of the comparison population. The survey team consisted of 8 physicians and technicians from the United States and 8 from the Trust Territory (see Figure 2). The Trust Territory ships M/V Roque and M/V Ran Anim both aided in transporting the team and equipmentto and from RongelapAtoll. The team lived at Rongelap Village for the examinations on thatisland. Procedures PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS ~ Since both the 1963 and 1964 surveys were similar in scope and procedures, they will be described together. Histories were taken by a Marshallese practitioner with particular emphasis on the interval history during the past year. During the 1964 survey Mr. Byron Bender, anthropologist from the Trust Territory, accompanied the medical team and carried out exhaustive studies on the genealogical background of the Rongelap people. These data are not publishedin this report, but are available to those interested. The pediatrician on the 1963 survey (W.W/S.) carried out further interviews with the Rongelap people in orderto establish more closely the ages of some of the children, which were questionable. Complete physical examinations on both children and adults were carried out in both years. In addition, anthropometric measurements were done on adults >19 years of age in orderto determine certain ethnic characteristics of the Marshallese. During the 1963 examination extensive anthropometric measurements werealso carried out on the children as part of the growth and developmentstudies, and radiographsoftheir wrists were taken for the samestudies. In 1963 an ophthalmologist carried out com- plete ophthalmological examinations including slit-lamp observations. Cancer detection, emphasized during examinations for both years, included an evaluation of the history, special physical examinations, and certain laboratory tests.* The family history did not yield satisfactory information, since the incidence of familial diseases including cancer was generally unknownbythe people. The history yielded some information on changesin weight,history ofillness, and, in the case of women, menstrual, obstetric, and nursinghistory. In the physical examination particular emphasis was placed on examination of the skin, node-bearing areas, head and neck, chest, breast, abdomen, and external genitalia. Pelvic examinations were carried out on all mature females, and vaginal and cervical smears for Papanicolaou examinations were obtained.** RecaTF Ne. allt on Figure 4. Marshallese man carrying a sack of copra. Coprais the main productin the economyofthe Islands. 56057193 *Drs. E. Schackow and H.L. Atkins of Brookhaven National Laboratory interpreted the x-rayfilms. **Wewish to thank Dr. Genevieve Bader of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Genter, New York, N.Y., for interpretation of the Papanicolaou smears.