CHAPTER IV, SECTIONS 8 and ? The general topography of the various campsites permitted the use of relatively short sewer lines with gravity flow. Because of the flat terrain and consequent low gradients of the sys- tems, it was necessary that they be watched for clogging. Disposal was effected through ocean or lagoon outfalls as determined by economy of construction. These outfalls were of suffi- cient lengths to keep the beaches free of bacterial contamination. In general, vitrified clay pipe of 4”, 6” and 8” sizes was used for the collecting lines and outfalls. Manholes were conveniently located to facilitate maintenance, though on the whole, little was required. SECTION 9 FUEL HANDLING AND STORAGE Bulk fuel was received from U.S. Navy Tankers at tank farms located on sites Elmer, Fred and Sugar. These tankers were moored to POL buoysoff each site and pumped through a submarine piping system consisting of 4” steel pipe and 4” reinforced rubber submarine hose. Prior to the arrival of tankers, the submarine system was hydrostatically tested, and any defects found were corrected. The submarine lines were picked up and passed to the tanker and, on completion of fueling, the lines were recieved and laid on the bottom by H&N per- sonnel. The first discharge through the system was always directed to the lagoon until the lines were clear of salt water. All lines were cross-connected so that mogas or diesel could be received through either of the lines. Bulk fuel was generally distributed to Users from the tank farms by tank trucks. The fuel was delivered directly to mobile equipment or into temporary distribution tanks generally made of Navy pontoons. On Elmer, diesel oil was pumped directly to tanks adjacent to the distillation plant where it was centrifuged. It was delivered from this point via piping to the marine fuel station or tank trucks to other Users. Gasoline pumping stations for mogas were located on Elmer and Fred. All other gasoline stations consisted of elevated pontoon storage tanks with gravity feed to mobile equipment. H&N operated and maintained the fueling systems onall sites except that on Fred. At this site H&N was responsible for the maintenance of the tank farms and the Armed Forces were responsible for operation of the entire systems. The main difficulty with handling of bulk fuel was in the maintenance of a leak-proof underwater piping system at sites Fred and Elmer. This was primarily due to the foul bottom conditions at these sites. This condition was aggravated during the operational phase by the need for frequent replenishment of the tank farm at Fred with avgas and jet fuel due to the heavy usage during this period. It was not un- usual to have the sea mule at this site four times a week to pick up and relay the hoses as required by standard operating procedures. Leaks developed in both the steel tubing and rubber hose which in a number of cases required deep sea diving operations to effect repairs. The construction of a deep water pier with fueling lines at Elmer would eliminate the difficulties experienced with submarinelines at that site. The complete tank farm at Sugar was ex- pended in the test operations. The storage capacities at each tank farm are indicated below: ELMER No. of Tanks 4 5 1 5 *3 Total: Type Horizontal Horizontal Vertical 2-Ring Invasion Vertical 2-Ring Invasion Vertical 1-Ring Invasion Capacity Gals. - Each Kind of Fuel 10,000 10,000 Mogas Diesel 42,000 Mogas 42,000 42,000 Diesel Diesel Diesel 386,000 gals. Mogas 82,000 gals. *At CMR - Power Plant and filled by tank trucks. Page 4-53