Weisgall

military control in the Marshalls, American
ships visited Bikini on a regular basis, bringing food, supplies, and medical officers who
provided free treatment for the people. By the
end of 1945 sae Amencanshad built a store,
an elementary school, and a medical dispensary on the atoll.

Although they are geographically
and culturally Marshallese, the
Bikinians effectively have become
wards of the United States.
~

The persuasive power of the Americans

went beyond material largess. The Bikinians

had been converted to Christianity a half
century earlier by New England missionaries:
Wyatt's arrival on a Sunday after church
services and his comparison of the Bikinians
to the Children of Israel undoubtedly had

considerable emotional impact. His description of the awesome capabilities of nuclear
weapons, moreover, led the people to believe
they were powerless to resist the wishes of

the United States. The option of staying on
Bikini and telling the Uniced States to look
elsewhere was simply not a realistic alternative.
Navy records do nor disclose whether thz

Bikinians were told when—-and if—they

could move back to their aroll. It seems that

the topic was never directly confronted by
either side: the people were simply promised

the return of their atoll when it was no longer

needed for a testing site. As for the problems

of displacement and relocation, Navyrecords
show only that Wyatt, before flying to

Bikini, ‘asked the Navy what commitments
concerning reparations he could make to the
people, and he wastold that he could promise
them no more than the opportunity to submit claims for damages.”’
The U.S. government offered the Bikinians the choice of moving to one of three other
atolls in the Marshall Islands. Two of
them—-Ujae and Lae—were inhabited: the
third, Rongerik, 140 miles east of Bikini,
78.

was not. The people chose Rongerik. As they
prepared to leave their atoll, the first of the
250 vessels, 150 aircraft, and 42,000 military and scientific personnel involved in Operation Crossroads began to arrive.
Theislanders were overwhelmedbyall the
fanfare. Geologists, botanists. biologists. and
oceanographers categorized the flora and
fauna of the atoll. and engineers blasted a
deep-water channel through the reef to the

beach on the main island of Bikini. Meanwhile, the Bikinians, who had never before

seen motion pictures, were entertained with

Mickey Mouse cartoons. Roy Rogers westerns. and Hollywood bedroom farces.

~

The removal of the Bikinians became a

major media event. The islanders had never
received such attention, and they seemed to

thrive on it. Cameramen photographing the
last church service on che atoll were not satis-

fied with their angles. so the Bikinians
obliged by repeating the service three times.

Publicity was so intense that the demands of
news agencies and Navy photographers forced

a one-day postponement of the Bikinians’
departure.

Finally, on the morning of March 7, 1946,
cameramen recorded re-enactment of Wyatt's

visit and negotiations with the Bikinians.
The Bikinians then decorated the community

cemetery with flowers and held a ceremony

to bid farewell to their ancestors. The ceremony was restaged as the delighted islanders
vied with one another for positions in front
of the cameras. That afternoon thelast of the
Bikinians left their atoll aboard a Navylanding crafr. A few of them lining the rails sang
songs of farewell; some wept. Most were
silent.
The United States acted with extraordinary speed and admirable logistical planning
in removing the Bikinians. In just one month
it implemented its decision to use Bikini Aroll

as an atomic weaponstesting ground. One
U.S. military official, quoted in Time magazine, referred to the removal of the Bikinians
as “‘one hell of a good sales job." The New
York Times. in an article entitled *‘The

79.

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