‘ -g6involve infinitely less cost of production and use than any concurrent dissolution or realignment of cities designed to offset that multiplication, If a city three miles square can be largely destroyed by one well aimed bomb, it will require only three well spaced bombs to destroy one mile wide. utterly a city nine miles long and And theeffort required in producing and delivering the two extra bombs is infinitesimal compared to that involved in converting a square city into a linear one. Unquestionably an invulnerable home front is beyond price, but there is no hope of gaining such a thing in any case, What the city—dispersion-planners are advocating is a colossal effort and expenditure (estimated by some of them to amount to 300 billions of dollars) and a ruthless suppression of the inevitable resistance to such dispersion in order to achieve what is at best a marginal dir inution of vulnerability. Wo such program has the slightest chance of being accepted, (e™ However, it is clear that the United Ste ‘es can be made a good deal less . o ayy vulnerable to atomic bomb attack than it is at present, that such reduction can be made great enough to count as a deterrent in the calculations of future aggressors, and that it can be done at immeasurably less economic and social cost and in a manner which will arouse far less resistance than any of the drastic solutions described above, But first we mist make clear in our minds what our ends are. Our first pur- pose, clearly, is to reduce the likelihood that a sudden attack upon us will be So paralyzing in its effects as to rob us of all chance of effective resistance, And we are interested in sustaining our power to retaliate primarily to make the prospect of aggression much less attractive to the aggressor, In other words, we wish to reduce our vulnerability in order to reduce the chances of our being hit at all, Secondly, we wish to reduce the number of casualties and of material damage which will result from an attack upon us of any given level of intensity. These two ends are of course intimately interrelated, but they are also to a