her security, It makes it impossible for the rest of the world to conspire and "gang up" against her in a coalition disguised as a world organization, Russians seem to fear nothing more than that. The Therefore, if this comtry were to advocate the abolition of the veto rights which it accepted earlier as the basis for big power collaboration in an international organization, it would risk aggravating our relations with the Soviet Union most seriously. in turn mean undermining the first line of defense. “This would Even worse would be the effect of any official move to scrap the UNO and to replace it by a world government. The Russians have shown themselves more suspicious of the agitation for world government, now under way here and in Great Britain, than of our atomic monopoly or our atomic secrets, she ee Lee, If it were safe to assume that international controls and friendly settlement of disputes would at all times succeedindreventing Soviet-American hostilities or the use of atomic weapons in the course of such hostilities, there would be no need for a third line of defense. There is, however, in the history of international relations little that could induce responsible governments to act on such an assumption. One might argue that it is better to put one's faith unconditionally in the first two lines of defense rather than to undermine them by a lack of confidence; but that would be more of a gamble than governments could dare undertake. The Russians, as a matter of fact, would not be making efforts to get into production of the bomb if they believed that Soviet-American friendship coupled with international agreements could offer them sufficient protection. The third line of defense is of a military character. It consists in all the steps a country can take in order to deter another country from risking war or from attacking it with atomic weapons. If we should fail either to eliminate atomic weapons from the arsenals of national governments or to remove the incentives which might under certain conditions lead the Russians to risk war with us, our hopes for peace will rest on our ability to deter them from taking the fatal [12