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ANALYTIC TITLE ENGLISH A review of internal exposure accidents
ANALYTIC AUTHOR/AFFIL Nenot, J.C. [CEA Centre d'Etudes de Fontenay-aux-Roses,
92
PAGE RANGE
°
PUB. DATE (YYMMDD)
LIMITATION CODE
ABSTRACT
(France).
Inst.
de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire]
265-277
930700
UNL
The definition of an internal exposure accident is much
more difficult to establish clearly than the one
concerning external overexposures. For the latter, the
notion is implicitly related to resulting health damage,
while in most cases any internal contamination,
regardless of its level and the upcoming or no of a
detriment, is qualified as accidental. Therefore, this
overview is limited to (1) large scale internal exposure
accidents because large groups of individuals,
contaminated or not,
were involved;
(2)
highly
occupational
contaminations which sometimes resulted into long-term
health effects,
and
(3)
the results
of the follow-up of
patients who were either explored or treated in the 30s
and 50s by alpha emitting radionuclides. Among
large-scale accidents, mention is made of the 1954
american nuclear test in the Pacific ocean, uncorrectly
programmed and responsible for thyroid diseases, of the
1957 accident in the Mayak complex in the Urals, of the
Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in 1986 and of the
1987 Goiania accident due to the uncontrolled
dismantling of a teletherapy source. Among occupational
contaminations, several medical and epidemiological
follows-up are of particular interest, such as those
concerning dial painters who used radium in the years
1910 and uranium miners, although it is difficult to
qualify as accidental these practices, even if the doses
received at this time were widely in excess of the
limits in use nowadays. Taking into account the previous
caution, the groups of patients who received relatively
large amounts of thorotrast (used as contrast material)
and of radium (considered as a large spectrum
therapeutic agent) are very interesting as well; these
two medical practices resulted into various long-term
health effects,
KEYWORDS
9003435
and were used,
in some degrée,
to
quantify the risk in man of alpha emitters. (author).
RADIATION ACCIDENTS/internal irradiation ;BRAZIL;
CHERNOBYLSK-4 REACTOR; CONTAMINATION; DELAYED RADIATION
EFFECTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HISTORICAL ASPECTS; HYPOTHYROIDISM;
MARSHALL ISLANDS; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; OCCUPATIONAL