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Reprinted from THE Jovrnat of Cotxicar [xvesticatiox, Vol. 38 No. 7, pp. 1065-1077, July, 1959
Printed in U. 8. A.
RED CELL, PLASMA AND BLOOD VOLUME IN HEALTHY MEN MEASURED
BY RADIOCHROMIUM (Cr*'!) CELL TAGGING AND HEMATOCRIT:
INFLUENCE OF AGE, SOMATOTYPE AND HABITS OF
--.- PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE VARIANCE AFTER
REGRESSION OF VOLUMES TO HEIGHT AND
WEIGHT COMBINED *
By R. WENNESLAND,+t ELLEN BROWN, J. HOPPER. JR.. J. L. HODGES. JR..
O. E.GUTTENTAG, K. G. SCOTT, I. XN. TUCKER axo B. BRADLEY
(From the Department of Medicine and the Radioactivity Research Center, Univernty of
California School of Medicine, San Francisco, Cal., and the Department of
Stanstics; Oniversity of California, Berkeicy, Cal.)
(Submitted for publication July 15, 1958: accepted March 5, 1959)
(16, 17).
However, it has not been shown that
predictions based on total body mass are less ac-
curate than those based on lean body mass, which
requires a separate measurement (15, 16). Consideration of fat thickness and girth measurement,
in addition to height and weight, was found by
* This investigation was supported by research grants
CH-1271 and G-3666) from the Insututes of Health,
United States Public Health Service. from the James W.
Edwards Memorial Fund (allocated by the Committee on
Research of the University of California School of
Medicine}, and from the American Heart Association
and the San Francisco and Monterey County Heart
Associations.
t Research Fellow of the American Heart Association.
relate the volumes to height and weight and a
graphic system for their rapid application to prac-
tical problems has been developed. Byanaivsis
of individual differences, ‘residuals,’ from the
mean regression platress—~we have studied the effects of the following factors on the variability
of the data: age, bodybuild, habits of physical
activity and, to a limited extent, seasonal changes.
omen
wc.
The-subjects were stlected by careful screening from
normaly active volumecrs. Most:of them were white
(see Table I for racial and nationat-origins). Informa-
tion from the prison heaith recordswas supplemented by
interviews conducted by # physician from our group, by
miniitm X-rays of the Bhest and by laboratory tests
which included complete flood count, sedimentation rate,
urmalysis, electrocardiogcam and a serologic test for
syphilis. Volunteers were rejected if the results of
these tests were abnormat, if their blood pressures were
abose 140mm. Hg systolic or 90 diastolic, or if they had
recognizable disease or pgst history of illness, such as
rhewmatic ‘fever or tuberculosis, which might be present
Rad
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presumably results from differences in body composition, since blood volume correlates both with
body density (5, 15) and with lean body mass
have Been derived for the plane surfaces which
siting from ihe
regardless of methods employed, when values for
whole blood volume (Vwb), red cell volume
(Vrbe} and plasma volume (Vpl) are related to
body weight, height, or combinations of these
measures (1-5, 13, 14}. Some of this variation
IY GPOn CON.
A rather large scatter of data around mean
prediction values has been found byall workers,
eOroduce MT is
tively few or not entirely healthy subjects (7-13).
Divergent results have
been reported concerning the influence of age and
ot physical training on blood volume (2, 18-23).
Wetravevused the Cr* method of Sterling and
Gray (24,23) to measure Vrbe and, indirectly
from the-hematocrit, Vwb and Vp! in 201 healthy
prison inmates. Trivariate regression equations
FOPeENCE Uo One
own control data, based often on study of rela-
not in the middie ranges.
ther ise.
ags1on Fleets fa
variance encountered among healthy subjects.
Most clinical investigators have collected their
Hicks. Hope. Turnbull and Verel to. improve
prediction (14). Gregersen and Nickerson (3)
classified subiects according to somatotvpe and
found that variance of blood volume per unit ct
body surface area was reduced to an important degree when dealing with extreme body types but
Oped HOM Obes
Methods employing radioactively tagged.red
cells have been widely adopted for measurement
of blood volume. However, in comparison with
the work which has been done with the dve (1-5)
and carbon monoxide (6) methods, little artention
has been given to the establishment of mean
values for men and women or to study of the