>
«he
2
more.
A
situation
of the immediate fall-cut from an
underground or an underwater
burst.
During the emergency contro!
phase the radiological defense
system should be fully operable.
Every effort should be made to
received
population.
by
the
entering a
Without minimizing the seriousness of a possible atomic attack,
based on the
known facts could make it much
‘eSs serious, while a state of mind
ccepting as true the notion that
“there can be no defense against
the atomic bomb” will most ceriainly make its effects much more
serious than they otherwise would
Nagasaki
general
known
and
put
into
practice the defense measures out-
lined in the official handbook on
Protective Clothing
Personnel
‘ore be psychological preparedness.
be.
Had the people in Hiroshima and
minimiZe the dose of gamma ac-
tivity
ossential defenses against it, along
with those outlined, must there-
how to prepare against atomic attack, there can be no question
that their casualties would have
contami-
nated area, Whether to perform
monitoring or other emergency
work, should wear protective cloth-
been but a fraction of what they
actually were.
ac
Aug. 22, 1950
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Approximate limits of residual radiation from
shallow underwater blast off the Battery here.
LIMIT OF DANGEROUS EXTERNAL
RADIATION (00r)
%
on
2
Ke y:
LINE OF 50% MORTALITY (400r).
wna
BEKLYN.
Ps
2338
bomb exploding 2,000 feet above City Hill.
intelligent planning
hours
of this kind might arise because
One of the
Approximate limits of damage from atom
several
appreciable injury by staving for
-or in a population.
The New York Times
member that in addition to its multiple physical effects, it is also a
weapon calculated to arouse ter-
ALL
the greatest importance,
It may be noted in this connection, however, that because of the
rapid initial decay of the fission
products, a person who is exposed
to the radiation from this mixture
for the first hour after an explosion would not suffer any further
y,
In planning defenses against the
atomic bomb, it is essential to re-
Y
omy LIMIT OF SEVERE DAMAGE
277s, LIMIT OF MODERATE DAMAGE
we, LIMIT OF PARTIAL DAMAGE
overexposure
DEST
RUCT
LETE
ION
avoid
COMP
to
to radiation except where is was
Key:
personnel
necessary to carry out missions of
>
.
LIMIT OF VIRT
U
taken. In the initial disorganization phase, when the radioactivity was also most intense, it
would be important for emergency
)*
emm
risks
=g
a,
the
ind mouth, of the type developed
is a protection against chemical
Narfare agents, have been found
.o be satisfactory in preventing
nhalation of dust particles. Where
che amount of dust is very large,
‘tf might be necessary to use a
‘espirator hood to give complete
yrotection of the head.
23>
Pics
=,& S65
gu
3 Miles
and
taminated area should wear resairators. Masks covering the nose
xn
&
olernors f
circumstances
that inevitably would have to be
of
emergency teams entering a con-
aa ecVy
NEW
on
radioactivity on the ground.
Consequently, all members
Bridge J
~~
sible for control and rescue per-
sonnel would depend a great deal
there is likely to be a large amount
of dust in the air, especially in
the regions of appreciable damage.
There is practically no danger of
this dust being contaminated after
a high air burst. However, other
types of deliveries could spread
Withamsbur
to the residual nuclear
taminated it would have to be de-
stroyed.
Soon after an atomic explosion
Tunnel
exposure
radiation that would be permis-
against alpha and beta radiation,
but since it is likely to become con-
ee ns-Midto Wir?
The question of the amount of
Actually ordi-
aS
tain an approximate indication of
the area and intensity of the contamination,
However, ground monitoring for
gamma radiation, with portable
instruments, would be necessary
at the first opportunity. The monitoring for beta radiation would,
in general, be an auxiliary measurement, made in the later stages
after the immediate emergency
had passed.
ing of some kind.
nary clothing is adequate protection
HOW ATOM AIR AND UNDERWATER BLASTS WOULD AFFECT CITY
this might even be done by means
of low-flying aircraft. From the
gamma radiation dosage measured
at a known height above the
ground it would be possible to ob-