the

islands

environment.

long

enough

to

reach

a

steady state with

137cs

in the

The time that the other pigs were on an island and free-roamir

is unknown; they may not have reached steady-state conditions and, thus, ma:

not have reached the maximum !3’cs concentration possible.
There are not many coconut crabs available.

Consequently, there will

either be a relatively higher intake for a short time or a very low intake
over an extended period of time if conservation of the species is practiced.
In either case, coconut crab will not add significantly to the dose.

The 13?cs concentration in one chicken sample collected prior to the
Bikini people's relocation frdém Bikini Atoll] in 1978 was 6.9 pCi/g wet
weight.

The chicken was allowed to wander at will

reflect 137cs concentrations in chicken meat.

and this value should

RADIONUCLIDES IN MARINE SPECIES
The radionuclide concentrations in

fish,

crustaceans,

invertebrates,

marine-eating birds, and bird eggs are listed in Table 34.

More detailed

information can be found in Noshkin et al. (1988).

The !37cs concentrations

are very low in reef and pelagic fish, crustaceans, and invertebrates.

This

reflects the solubility and rapid d‘lution of !'37Cs in the lagoon and ocean.
Also, as a result of low concentration in marine species, the !37Cs

concentrations in the marine-feeding birds and their eggs, which are the birds
and bird eggs eaten by the people, are verylow.

The concentration of 90Sr is also very low in the tissues of all marine

species; the 90Sr concentration is much higher in the bones, skin, and gut
contents of fish.

Many of the reef fish feed on coral and bottom sediments,

which still contain 90Sr.

The 90Sr is, thus, present in the gut and is

concentrated in the bone and skin after ingestion.
from these

Marshallese.

fish are not

consumed

and

Fortunately,

the bones

the skin is rarely consumed by the

Similarly, the bones from birds are not consumed.

The transuranic radionuclides -(Pu and Am) are similar to 99Sr in that
they are very low in tissues of marine species and are concentrated in the

bone, liver, and gut.

In general, the marine pathway does not provide a major

source of intake of !3?cs, 905r, 239+240py, or 241 am.

52

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