medical care in the Marshall Islands, exposure the fact that valid pre- health care statistics for the people of the Northern Marshalls are virtually non-existent thus making it well nigh impossible to establish a cause-effect relationship for any given case, and by the intense emotional and psychological insecurity of the people of the affected atolls who are not conditioned to place radiation effects in a proper perspective. In 1954, 84 Rongelapese were exposed to fallout. 84 original exposed individuals, 50 are still living. Of these There are also some 500 to 600 unexposed Rongelapese, made up of descendants Fh o the exposed group and the Marshallese whe have Rongelapese blood Or marriage affiliation. About 500 of the unexposed Rongelapese have been used sporadically as a "comparison" group to the exposed population. The original Utirik exposed group consisted of 158 individuals of which 120 still are alive. Another 500 unexposed Utirikese, made up of descendants of the exposed group and Marshallese with Utirik blood or marriage affiliation, also fall into the Utirik category. Some 375 of this larger group have been studied as a "comparison" group to the exposed Utirikese. 2. Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll Peoples A. The People of Bikini Atoll Bikini Atoll was the site of 23 U.S. atmospheric tests. The 170 Bikinians resident there in 1946 were removed from the atoll in March 1946 prior to start of the testing program. After several years of very unsatisfactory resettlement efforts in other parts of the Northern Marshalls, the Bikinians were resettled in March 1948