PRIVACY ACT MATERIAL REMOVED
under Table V: "The fecal excretion in the patient wasfar less [than the rat] but perhaps
is related to his operation and subsequent lack of fetal output. More specimenswill have
to be accumulated before any conclusive opinion can be reached in regard to the rate of
fecal excretion of plutonium bythis patient. It is planned to continue the daily collections
of both urine and feces from this patient for an indefinite period. In addition there is
enough Pu238 for another human study whena suitable patient is available. It should be
pointed out that we feel the use of Pu238 as a tracer for a limited number of selected
patients is desirable since it is possible to use from | to 5 ugmsof plutonium, whichis the
range of dosage in man that is of greatest interest, due to the high specific activity ofthis
material.”
July 1945: p. 7, he claims there is enough Pu238 for another human tracer experiment,
and the cyclotron wil generate more for Col. Warren and Dr. Stone of the Health Division
of the Metallurgical Project, so they will have "as much as 50 microcuries of Pu238 for
both additional human tracer studies and small scale toxicity experiments”.
January 1946:
is named
March 1946 through March 1947: referencesto tests at Bikini Atoll and to Operation
Crossroads
September 1946: p.3 "...to present an opportunity to study the effect of these two radioelements [yttrium and cerium] in human subjects such as patients suffering from
leukemia andallied diseases. We do not anticipate doing the actual human experiments
but rather will make our techniques known to Doctor Stone and any other interested
parties so that they can undertake such experiments that may appear to be in theinterest
of the Project."
,
(Notice! this is 5 months after they injected CAL-2 , who was suffering from leukemia and
allied diseases, with plutonium, yttrium, and cerium.)
October 1946: "The successful method of the preparations of solutions that are
essentially carrier-free yttrium and cerium at the pH of blood have been developed.
Metabolism of these radio-elements following intravenous administrationin the rat is
intramuscular studies using human subjects are not feasible as a result of the large
fraction of these radio-elements that remain unabsorbed at the site of injection.”
November 1946: more on the possibility of human tracer experiments with cerium
December 1946: “Materials are being made ready for human studies byintravenous
administration. The radio-elements being prepared for this purpose include strontium,
yttrium, zirconium, cerium, thorium, plutonium, americium, and curium.”
January 1947; more on all the above andplansto investigate radio-arsenic in mammals
including humans,p. 3
March 1947: human studies ready to start for uranium
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Archives and Records Office
Human Radiation Experiments Search and Retrieval Project
Anna Berge Research Notes
Electronic DocumentTitle: Plutonium
April 4, 1994
3
PRIVACY ACT MATERIAL REMOVED
A ShaeA TT ek i ontne te ee eeSeeee ee. oeae shame
almost identical with their behavior following intramuscular administration. This opens
the possibility of human experimentation with these radio-elements dueto the fact that