Table | Summary of Marshallese Populatiorg ExaminedSince 1954. Group x eo, 1954 April 1957 _~ 1958 1964 a No.in group Series Commasison Porutations Majuro oo 115 (aduits and children) = Rongelap « , wo Rongelap a S20 " 170 (age > 10 only) Rongelap ExposzD PopuLaTIONs Rongelap (175 r) Adingnae (70 r) American servicemen Utirik (14 r) 700-817 8O1-900 8D1-970 801-1058 ~S 67 (includes 3 in utero; annual exams) 19 (includes 1 in utero; annual exams) 28 (examined 1954 only) 157 (examined every 3 to 4-years) 1-86 1-86 401-428 2105-2257 UnNexposeD CHILDREN (< 10 YEARS AS OF 1964) Rongelap & Ailingnae Rongelap Utirik 45 (exposed parents) 75 (unexposed parents) 20 (exposed parents) 87-136 - 801-1058 2258-2278 Duringthe first 24 to 48 hr after exposure, about as in the previous surveys, a visit was made to Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls for examination of a number of Rongelap people, now residing at these atolls, and also groups of children who represent %4 of the Rongelap people experienced anorexia and nausea. A few vomited and had diarrhea. In appendix 10 the individual histories of nausea Table 1 lists the various populations that have enced itching and burning of the skin, and a few complained of lachrymation and burning of the part of the control group used for the growth and developmentstudies of the exposed children. been examined since 1954. The accumulation of data from these surveys is becoming increasingly voluminous. Since condi- tions have not been favorable for performance of extensive statistical analyses or use of electronic computing procedures to store and manipulate the data, the annual survey reports published bythis Laboratory are made as complete as possible. This report, therefore, includes a considerable amount of raw data, much of it in appendices, so that others may have an opportunity to make further calculations if desired. Summary of Past Findings Reports have been published on the Andings of surveys madeat the following times after exposure: initial examination,’ 6 months,’ | year,’ 2 years,‘ 3 years,’ 4 years,® 5 and 6 years,’ 7 years® and 8 years.® The followingis a brief summary of the findings previously reported. and vomiting are tabulated. Many also experi- eyes. Following this, the people remained asymp- tomatic until about 2 weeks after the accident, when cutaneous lesions andloss of hair developed, due largely to beta irradiation of the skin. It was apparent whenthe people were first examined, a few days after exposure, that the lymphocvtes were considerably depressed and that significant doses of radiation had probably been received. In addition to the whole-body dose of radiation and the beta irradiation of the skin, radiochemical an- alyses of the urine showed that measurable amounts of radioactive material had also been ab. sorbed internally. The effects of the radiation can best be summarized under three headings according to the mode of exposure: penetratingtrradiation, skin irradiation, and internalirradiation. PENETRATING RADIATION Oneof the earliest findings indicative of signifi- cant exposure in these people was lowering of