-ne errective energies (2) and vadionuciides tnar -roduce the Iracticn or ingested nuciide ny veacning ine rererence orgar over +9% of the cose are “itzeq in yoar Exposure Pathways: Description and Dose EXTERNAL cAMMA DOSE of the amount recommended >v <he annual guideline and leaves little room for The description of the measurements, dose caicuiations, and dose estimates dose accumulation via other ctathways. Similarly, the annual guidelines for a for the external exposure pathway have oopulation for 30 yr is 5 rem. and the been reported in detatl,- estimated 30-vr integral dose (ex in summary, 137, . 30 . . : . Cs and ~“Co produce neariy ail the cluding natural background) external dose on both Bikini and Eneu terns 5 and 6 is 5.1 rem. Islands, with a 30-vr veriod, 137 Cs contributing approximately 94% of the totai. In fsr PatAgain, over the external dose received from this housing location addition, zhe dose levels on Eneu and living pattern allows no contribu- Island were about one-half those on tion by exposure from other czathways. Bikini Island. This is very significant because he tirst-vr dose and 30-vr inte- 4 potential doses via the terrestrial gral dose on the two islands as a Food chain can exceed those resulting funetion of the alternative living from external exposure. patterns is shown in Table =. Inte- grated external exposures tor 10, Housing constructed in Area 2 30, (Table 2, Patterns 4a and +b) along 50, and 70 vr are listed in Tables 6 the lagoon road reduces the external through 9, respectively. Residence in exposure relative to Patterns 5 and. 6 the interior of Bikini Island (Fig, 2, by approximately 25%, depending upom Area 3) gives the highest external which remedial action is considered.. exposure (Patterns 5 and 6). Commonly, The crushed gravel is placed annual Federal guideline for a member around the houses and is accomplished of the population recommends a dose easily. Soil removal and replacement, less than 0.5 rem for the whole body however, are more difficuit =o imple- and 0.5 rem for bone marrow. ment. 23-26 For Living in residences already Patterns = and 6 the estimaced first- established on Bikini Island (Fig. 33 yr dose of 0.25 rem (excluding natural in Fig. 2, Area 1) gives the smallest background) is a significant ‘fraction external exposure on Bikini Island ~12~