observation posts the electromagnetic pulse generated by the explosions. One
system used a short base line of approximately 30 miles, and the other a
explosions on the height and integrity of the F-layer of the ionosphere.
The principal effort in the thermal program was devoted to the measurement of basic thermal characteristics from stations located on or near
the ground. A basic ground station placed close to GZ employed calorimeters and radiometers exposed from an instrument tree above ground, with
recording instruments being protected underground. Stations farther removed
from GZ contained spectrometers, bolometers, radiometers and calorimeters
mounted inside instrument trailers. Some of the parameters determined
from the basic thermal measurements were irradiance, total radiant energy,
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long base line of approximately .1500 miles. Vertically transmitted electromagnetic pulses from 1 to 25 Mc were used to determine the effect of atomic
and times to first maximum, mininuum, and second maximum. The spectroraeters recorded the spectral distribution of radiant energy with distance. A
spectrometer station was mounted in a P2V-2 type aircraft to correlate results of surface and airborne transmission and spectrum measurements.
Alpha-céllulose paper, wood, and other materials were exposed to thermal
radiation in order to determine critical ignition energies. Various types of
aircraft sandwich panels were exposed to determine the damage effects of
the long thermal pulse associated with high-yield devices.
A technical photography program was conducted to determine photogrammetrically the various parameters of nuclear clouds as a function of
time and to establish appropriate scaiing reiations.
1.4 SANDIA CORPORATION
Program 30, Vulnerability
This program was designed to procure data leading to better knowledge
of weapon vulnerability in relation to both blast aud close-in thermal damage
from the fireball.
The technical objectives of Program 30 were largely realized, although
some data were lost owing to electromagnetic transients on Project 30.2.
Results of Project 30.1 were extremely encouraging from the standpoint of
performance of instrumentation systems within the fireball.
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