16 their life span is shorter than chat in the continen- tal United States. During the interval between the survevs of 1958 and* 1959 the people of Rongelap suffered no major epidemics. There were the usual bouts of upper respiratoryinfections. A fewcases of chicken pox developed tn April 1958, two of great severity, one of which resulted in the death of a 36-year-old man { =31) from the exposed group. During the vear Navy evacuation planes removed these two cases to Kwajalein Hospital (150 miles away) for treatment, and also the following cases: perforated appendix, threatened abortion, retained placenta, complicated delivery, pyelonephritis, and acute diarrhea. Three of these patients were in the exposed group. Fourcases of fish poisoning occurred During the interval between the 1959 and 1960 surveys the medical history of the people on Ron- gelap Island was generally uneventful. However. an epidemic of influenza occurred in the Marshall fslands in the spring of 1960. and, though Rongeiap Atoll was spared, the epidemic reached serious proportions on Kwajalein Atoll. About 20 of the unexposed Rongelap control population had pre- viously moved to Kwajalein Atoll for employment by the Navy, and among this group 10 cases of influenza developed, two of which became com- plicated by pneumonia resulting in death - one in a 35-year-old man (=933) and the other in a 64year-old man ( =927). Both these men had complicating diseases prior to influenza; one had suf- fered a cerebral hemorrhage with hemiplegiaseveral months earlier, and the other a urinary tract infection. The 61-year-old woman with cancer of the ovary, discovered in 1958, died in May 1959. Unfortunately, no autopsies were obtained on these people. This brings the deaths to four for the exposed population. Oneother death occurred during the year with the usual symptomsof nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, double vision, and uungling sensations in the limbs. Cancer of the ovary was found in a 61-year-old woman in the infection complicating diabetes. The deaths in the by biopsy. one case of fish poisoning occurred in 1959 on exposed group, and the diagnosis was confirmed tn the unexposed control population on Rongglap, that of a 3+-year-old woman ( 4854) whodied of 1 €: AD ane posed groupsseempared with that for the Marshall Isiands asawhole in 1948-50 and for the United States in 1940. The table also shows the median ages. The lower median age of the Marshailese would seem to support the impression that é 4 unexposed population now number four. Only Table 3 Yearly Incidence of Births and Fetal Deaths* Year Women aged 14-45 Total pregnancies Children —_——_-—_M F Live births Miscarriages* % Pregnancies terminating in miscarriage Exposed 1954** 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 19 20 20 2k 22 22 Total | 6 6 3 14 5 0 5 4 2 8 5 0 4 0 2 4 2 0 I + 0 4 3 I i 2 3 - 6 0 ioo 17 33 60 43 0 37 24 12 12 13 l 42 29 l + 1 l 25 Li Unexposed 1956 18 1958 1959 18 17 1957 18 Total 8 8 4 6 26 i 6 “y 5 6 * 3 5 20 *Includes children dying during first few hours after birth. **Includes only children conceived after March 1, 1954. L1855bb 2 4 10 10 2 1 - "2 6 25 ¢

Select target paragraph3