19 T ! STATURAL GROWTH 1958-6 T BY AGE AT EXPOSURE (GOYS) 170 -CONTROL GROUP ~--- EXPOSED GROUP | I I | I COMPARISON OF SKELETAL AGE & CHRONOLOGICAL AGE -B86I Q-"" | MEOIAN DIFFERENCE (SKELETAL AGE| SA MINUS CHRONOLOGICAL AGE [cA]) & AGE AT EXPOSURE INDICATED BY CIRLED NUMBER oO g MEDIAN STATURE {cms) a 8 sok. 1 _ 8 Cy Lod / 5 7 3 iI 13 15 I? wo ‘ 90r- i CHRONOLOGICAL AGE (YEARS) Figure 14. signed-ranks test*' were utilized in testing differences in these data. The more powerful Walsh test was used for the comparisons on children exposed at between 12 and 18 monthsof age because of the verv small samples involved. The Wilcoxon test was used for the comparisons on the other children because the larger samples were beyond the functional range of the Walsh test. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was utilized as the nonparametric measureof correlation. Comparisons were made (a) between the two sexes for each age separately, (b) between exposed and control groups for each sex and age separately, (c) between exposed and control groupsfor each age separately with the sexes combined, and (d) between exposed and control groups for each sex, age, and yearof birth (or age at exposure) separately. These comparisons have been summarized graphically (Figures 8 to 15), and the results of the comparisons are shown in Tables 6 and 7. Height and weight data on children born before the fallout showed the expected pattern of pubertal growth spurt occurringearlier in girls than in boys and the eventual superiority in size of boys — CONTROL GROUP ------ EXPOSED GROUP i O-I | 23 AGE L 4-5 AT ! 6-7 4 : 8-9 tO-i1 EXPOSURE Figure 15. at maturity. In addition, with respect to stature, there was a distinct tendency, among the boys only, at <12 years of age, for the exposed group to be shorter than the unexposed. This difference was prominent in boys exposed at <6 years and most marked among those exposed at age | vear. the latter being those aged 12 to 18 monthsat the ume of the fallout. A similar trend, but much less dis- tinct, was also noted in body weight among the bovs. No such patterns in growth curve variations between exposed and control groups were noted among thegirls. Among the children born after the fallout, the males with exposed parents were smaller in stature at all ages than those with unexposed parents. The difference was most marked at ages 1, 3, and 4 vears. The difference in stature was greatest in boys born <2 years after the fallout. The magni- tude of the difference decreased with increasing age. No difference between children with and without history of parental exposure was noted for head circumferences and body weight. Although the growth data for children exposed in utero were examinedseparately, the small number of individuals in this category prevented adequatestatistical analysis. Hereafter the children exposed zn utero will be included in the group directly exposedto fallout. Roentgenogramsofthe left hand and wrist were obtained in 1959 and 1961. In the limited 1960 survey, no x-ray studies were done. Theavailable roentgenogramswereassessed by using the inspec-

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