Obsidian Studies in Archeology (28 Dec.)
BOTANICAL SCIENCES (G)
Arranged by Joseph W. Michels (The Pennsylvania State
Aspects of Morphogenesis 1967 (29 Dec.)
University).
Obsidian is a lithic material with very desirable fractur-
Arranged by William J. Crotty (New York University).
This symposium is the last in a series organized to
celebrate the centennial of the Torrey Botanical Club
and to commemorate the memory of John Torrey, a lead-
ing American botanist of the nineteenth century.
John Torrey was active in the formative years of many
American scientific societies, including the forerunner of
the present New York Academy of Sciences, and waslisted among the “first fifty” incorporators of the National
Academy of Sciences. It has been said that he found the
meetings of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science particularly congenial and he served asits president in 1855.
This symposium should serve to emphasize by means
ing qualities which were recognized and exploited by prehistoric man for the production of tools, weapons, and
ornaments in all parts of the world where obsidian outcroppings are to be found. Considerable attention is cur-
rently being focused on the archeological recovery of
obsidian artifacts, and on the reexamination of previously
excavated collections of obsidian artifacts, in response to
the development of several new analytic approaches to the
cultural interpretation of worked obsidian. The discovery
of a technique by which each obsidian artifact may be
accurately dated, quickly and inexpensively, has resulted
in obsidian becoming a valuable resource in solving problems of site chronology. In addition, obsidian dating has
proved to be a highly versatile tool for general archeo-
of rather specific contributions just how rapid the progress
has been in the development of theoretical concepts and
logical analysis by permitting the investigator to regard
time as a known variable in the study of various aspects
ology. It comes as something of a shock to realize that
analysis to the problem of identifying quarry sources for
worked obsidian is contributing valuable information on
investigative techniques in the botanical sciences since the
time of Torrey. The subject matter embraces problems of
phylogeny, development, causal morphology and physimany of the theoretical bases which the symposium speakers here take for granted were not even clearly formulated
much less accepted when John Torrey’s basic work in
American systematic botany was fairly well completed.
Warren H. Wagner, William C. Steere, William J. Crotty,
Dominic Basile, Edwin B. Matzke, Ulrich Naf, Myron C.
Ledbetter, and Alberto Mancinelli,
ANTHROPOLOGY(H)
of an archeological site, and in the reconstruction of community activity. Application of radioactive trace element
inter-community contact
in general,
and on trade
obsidian collections, the collections become a significant
source of culture historical information. The current interest in stone-flaking technology among archeologists has
also contributed to interest in worked obsidian. Because of
its glass-like composition, obsidian provides possibilities for
observation of the scar phenomena resulting from stoneworking activities not usually observable in flint or other
chipped-stone materials. This observational clarity is con-
tributing to the development of formal
Anthropologists and Others (27 Dec.)
net-
works in particular. When trace element analysis and hydration rim-dating are applied jointly to the study of
procedures
for
investigating percussion-flaking technology. The symposium
highlights the growing application of the physical sciences
to the study of archeology.
Arranged by Carol K. Rachlin and Alice Marriott
(Southwestern Research Association, Oklahoma City).
The purpose of this symposium is to obtain some insight
into the contributions of anthropology to applied fields
Clifford Evans, Irving Friedman, James B. Griffin, Gary
A. Wright, William J. Mayer-Oakes, Joseph W. Michels,
and Elizabeth K. Ralph.
fers many diverse opportunities to anthropologists. The
Entrepreneurship in Cross-Societal Perspective
(29-30 Dec.)
(other than teaching) which can benefit from use of its
data. The contemporary society of the United States ofacceptance of anthropologists in many of these fields has
been less than the acceptance from scholars in other
disciplines.
The fields of social work, religion, government, art, and
literature will be represented on the program. All these
fields can use anthropology and its students, yet few
anthropologists are employed in them. Popovi Da, artist,
San
Ildefonso
Pueblo,
and
Alice
Marriott,
writer
and
anthropologist, offer an instance where anthropology, literature, and art have come together.
The participants of this symposium will discuss the posi-
tive and negative aspects of anthropology in relation to
their respective areas of endeavors. Problems of communication between anthropologists and others will be considered and solutions sought.
Carol K. Rachlin, lola Taylor, Peter J. Powell, James
Officer, Popovi Da, Alice Marriott, and Gene Welltfish.
1356
Arranged by Richard P. Schaedel (University of Texas).
Africa and Afro-American Parallels.
Latin America: Urban and Rural Aspects of Entrepreneurship.
Asia: Local and Trans-local Entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship for What?—-Market vs. Antimarket
Mentality.
The symposium is designed to bring into focus the concept of non-Western entrepreneurship and how it has functioned in economies of nonliterate peoples and so-called
“underdeveloped” areas.
Substantive papers are to be presented from three major
world areas: Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The purpose
of the symposium is to relate the contributions of these
papers to the current approaches in economic anthropologi-
cal and economic theory. It is expected that certain parSCIENCE, VOL. 158