Alimentary tract absorption @ S. A. IBRAHIM ET AL.
251
Table Al. (Continued)
Ingested form
The Rare Earths
Cerium (Ce)
Various ingested form
A
Comments
3 x 10
1x 107°
Adopted value for workers
Value set equal to the actinide
elements, general public
Revised value for the general
public (chronic intakes)
ICRP 1979
ICRP 1989
5x 1074
References
ICRP 1996
Yttrium (Y)
Various forms
1x 1074
Lanthanum (L)
Chloride form, animal studies
Various forms, animal studies
Adopted for both acute and
chronic intakes
ICRP 1980, 1996;
U.S. EPA 1988
1x 107
5x 1074
ICRP 1981
ICRP 1996
Praseodymium (Pr)
Soluble forms
Adopted for workers
Revised value for the general
public (chronic intakes)
3x 104
Adopted for workers, value
set equal to Ce
Revised value for the general
public
ICRP 1981
Adopted for acute and chronic
intakes
In normal male subjects
ICRP 1980, 1995
5x 1074
The Heavy Metals
Tron (Fe)
Incorporated in diet
FeSO,
Various forms
0.10
(0.1-0.3)*
ICRP 1996
Boender and
Verloop 1969
Kendall et al. 1988
(NEA)
0.30
“Cautious value” based on
man and animal studies,
chronic intakes
0.3
Adopted value for workers
(acute intakes)
ICRP 1979
Adopted for the public
(chronic intakes)
Humanstudy, chronic intakes
ICRP 1993, 1996
Adopted for acute and chronic
intakes
7 human volunteers
investigated, chronic intakes
ICRP 1980, 1993,
1996
1x 107
Absorption in the rat
Various forms, animal studies
2x 107
ICRP 1979
Soluble compounds, animal studies
1 x 10°?
Adopted for workers
(acute intakes)
Adopted for the public
(chronic intakes)
Shiraishi and
Ichikawa 1972
One male volunteer
Animal study
Adopted for acute and chronic
intakes
Yamagataetal.
1969
Runkle et al. 1980
ICRP 1980, 1989,
1996
Adopted for acute intakes by
workers
ICRP 1979; U.S.
EPA 1988
Adopted for chronic intakes
by the general public
Adopted for acute and chronic
intakes
ICRP 1993, 1996
Cobalt (Co)
Organic and inorganic forms
Oxide and hydroxide forms
Environmental (trace) levels
“Co incorporated in shellfish from
Sellafield plant discharge in the
Irish Sea
Zinc (Zn)
Inorganic forms and organic
incorporated in diet
Incorporated in fish from the
Columbia River
Zirconium (Zr)
Oxalate form
Ruthenium (Ru)
Contaminated clams
Oxide form
Soluble chloride, animal studies
Other Radionuclides
Molybdenum (Mo)
Sulfide form (MoS,)
All other compounds
No specific information provided
Bismuth (Bi)
“Range of values.
0.05
0.10
0.2
0.50
0.35 (0.25—0.45)*
1 x 10°?
(3 x 1077-1 x 10°77)
5x 10°?
0.05
0.80
1.0
0.05
Hunt 1998
Honstead and
Brady 1967
ICRP 1989, 1996
ICRP 1980, 1996