Chapter 3—Containing Underground Nuclear Explosions @ 45
Figure 3-8—Tunnel Closure Sequence
A ier
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ime
Working dont
Mauttier
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LES 9106
2ca closure TAPS,
Ground
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snock
Mechanica ¢osure MAC
Stemming
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Tesi cnamoer
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g
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pommel presen eyo
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Working aoin* Bg
=
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7
=
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Test chamber
Ena of stemming
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spock .
Stemming ofug
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C005
seconds
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f
Warkin
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Residual stress
hed
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Test chamber
End of stemming
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Mecnanical ciasure( MAC,
Ze
(Peak -0 3 kbar)
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Goa:
snore
Stemming
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Final cavity
02
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Mecranica: closuretGSAC |
Point, °
BD
=
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(<0. kbar)
1
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Working point
Mechanical closures TAPS}
Mechanical closureiGSACy
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\
des
=
seconds
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Test chamoer
:
Eng of sterming
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Mecnanical c osurerMAC)
Residual stress
field
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Final cavity
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Stemming
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7
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Mecnamecal closureiTAPS:
Mecranica ciosurerGSAC)
Ead
nd
Test chamoer
of
y
by
of stemmin
siemming
Mechanica: ciosureiMAC:
A) Zero Time: Explosion is detonated and the first two mechanical closures arefired. B) Within 0.03 seconds, a stemming piugis being
formed and mechanical pipe closure has occurred. C) Within 0.05 seconds, the stemming plug has formed. D) Within 0.2 seconds,cavity
growth is complete and a surrounding compressive residual stressfield has formed. E) Within 0.75 seconds, closure is complete.
SOURCE. Modified from Defense Nuclear Agency.