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agaiast anti- pollution measures.
tinguish those two.
I think it's very important to dis-
AYRES: Asa matter of fact, there's a nice illustration, People
understand this point so poorly that one of the petroleum companies
~I'm not sure which one— published an ad in a national magazine say-
ing, in effect, ‘You can stop pollution.
Stop driving!'' [Laughter]
HEMLER: There's another point that should be brought up here
with respect to the new types of hopelessness that you are talking
about,
I think a good example that brings this out occurred in 1961,
during the Berlin crisis, when at the national level it was brought
out that a nuclear war waa very possible.
The Administration, the
Department of Defense, Civil Defense, all brought this point out very
quickly and very abruptly in, I believe, September 1961,
People all
over the country then began to have meetings and to build fallout
shelters; construction companies and builders became involved.
There was a mass movement toward the fallout shelter which points
out that there was not the hopelessness of total destruction involved.
At least it points that out in my mind.
You will also recall, however, that the movement was random in
all directions, a multi-directional movement, because after having
made the statement that nuclear war was possible, no instructions
were immediately given as to how people should prepare; consequently,
people began to prepare in their own different ways. There were people I know in my area that began to prepare their own personal family
fallout shelters and there were a number of them built, There were
some cities that began to build public-type shelters. [I remember i
was living in El Paso at the time. Do you remember a nationally publicized case which concerned the small city of Artesia, New Mexico,
a city of about 25,000 people, which had plans-for building a public
school? They built as part of that school an underground public shelter for the school children and the people in the small town, although
Artesia was far from being an important area. This mood continued
for four or five months, but again no definitive instructions were
coming from Washington or from the people that the public thought
should provide them with the information on what should go into fallout
shelters, what the fallout shelters should do or would not do. In fact,
if you look at the record I think you will find that Civil Defense was
caught badly off-guard by the statement made. They frantically tried
to prepare instructions and tried to prepare the yellow pamphlet that
you were talking about, but that came out afterwards. So there was
Yomcy
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