262
Health Physics
160° E
August 2010, Volume 99, Number 2
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Fig. 2. Ratio of predicted '"’Cs deposition density (Bq m~*) from simulations using the NOAA-HYSPLIT model and
deposition density (Bq m~’) inferred from available measurement data from the Bravo test.
Table 6. Comparison of wind speed and direction at time of
detonation at the Bikini test site for the 28 February 1954 (GMT)
Bravotest.
DNA(1979)
Altitude
(m)
1,524
3,048
4,572
6,096
7,620
9,144
10,668
12,192
13,716
15,240
16,764
18,288
21,336
24,384
27,432
30,480
HYSPLIT
Wind speed
Wind direction
Wind speed
Wind direction
16
10
24
24
35
48
64
64
84
38
29
—
—
—
—
—
100
310
290
380
260
250
240
230
250
250
200
—
—
—
—
—
27
16
19
32
47
58
66
71
69
56
42
24
10
23
45
72
136
303
282
264
253
250
258
265
264
285
308
331
124
74
92
96
(kmh)
(deg)
(km bh”)
(deg)
deposition estimates do not agree well quantitatively. In
general, HYSPLIT indicated that the more significant
deposition occurred slightly north of the location reported in Cedarwall and Peterson (1990). For example,
the HYSPLIT simulation indicated little fallout at St.
George, UT, a location in which significant fallout is
Table 7. Particle size distribution used for the Harry simulation.
Particle size range (4m)
Increment in range (jm)
5 to 50
60 to 100
125 to 300
350 to 700
800 to 1,000
5
10
25
50
100
known to have occurred (Anspaugh and Church 1986;
Beck and Anspaugh 1991). This difference is likely due
to disagreements between the wind data at downwind
grid locations used in our simulations as comparedto the
simulations of Cederwall and Peterson (1990). Cederwall
and Peterson (1990) also reported that adjustments to
certain fallout parameters in their model were needed to
create an agreement between simulation results and
measurementdata.
Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site: Test #1
The first Soviet nuclear detonation took place on 29
August 1949 with a yield of 22 kt. This detonation wasa
surface burst at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan. The test is believed to have been identical in
constructionto the first U.S. nuclear test, Trinity (Rhodes
1986), conducted in New Mexico in 1945. The maximum
cloud height was ~9 km. At the time of the test, there