THE SHORTER-TERM RIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF A TALLOVT FIELD
12. Sxipmr, KR, §., and Rarer, J. R.: Bivlogical effects
of external beta radiation. Chap. 9, MeCrawAU Book Co., Inc. First edition New York,
1951,
13. Rappn, J. R., and Barses, K. K.: Biological effects
of external beta radiation, Chap. 4, MeGraw-Hill
Book Co., Ine. First. edition, New York, 1951.
14. Lusasavan, C. E., Spauvine, J. F., and Has, D. B.:
Report on sheep losses adjacent to the Nevada
Proving Grounds, AEC Report, Jan. 6, 1954.
15. Monrrz, A. R., and Henriguns, F. W.: Effect of
beta rays on the skin as a function of the energy,
intensity, and duration of radiation, J. Lah. Investigation 1: 167, 1952.
16. MacKun, G. M., Crroniano, A. C., and Monroom
murv, H. M.: X-ray and radium treatment of
dineases of the skin, Fourth edition, Tea und
Febiger, Philadephia 1947.
17. Broom, W., and Bloom, M. A,: Radiation Biology.
Vol. 1, Part TZ, p. 1119, MeGraw-Hill Book Co.
Inc., New York, 1954.
18. Wurrren, Vo W.. Ross, M.S, Onnry, FL, and
Woumsrrom, V« Studies of Thorium X applied
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20. Parker, H. M.: Some Physiolagicu! Aspects of the
DISCUSSION ON TOPIC IV
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142
Effects of Beta Radiation an Tissue,
Acute Radio-Dermatitis Following Beta radi-
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23. Conarp, R. A. and Tessmer, C. F.; Beta Radiation
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21. Lusaravan, C Cand Hors, D.B.: Experimentat
Dee.,
Dr. Henspaw. A few years ago when at Oak
Ridge, we were studying the effects of beta
rays on rats and mice, and we saw lesions so
very much like this which were followed by
different kinds of neoplasias of the skin. The
interesting thing was that we saw these abnor-
same structure of explanation, some basis of
an explanation of the changes that led toward
maliguancy. That mutations take place there
is no question, But the dynamics of those
changes—-the dynamics of the tissue behavior
changes---with the modification in physiologic
malities and deformities of the skin of a variety
of types muchas described here, and then the
lesions after recovery and repair of the skin
gradients are things which may be very strong
and important forces for us to take into ac-
began to form.
Col. Brennan. Thank you very much, Dr.
Henshaw. As J recall, you have examples of
tumors from all different layers of the skin.
had taken place there were points where tumors
These tumors were different.
in type. They represented every conceivable
level of maturation of skin tissue. That com-
bined with the fact that there were these other
abnormalities of the skin directed our attention
to the matter of the guiding forces in the skin
that tend to make it behave in one way or
another.
We had called to our attention rather force-
fully this morning the possibility of the effects
on the nucleus as being an explanation, first,
of tissue degeneration when there are extreme
mutations in the nucleus, and then in lesser
mutations the kinds of persistent effects. We
could see in these lesions this afternoon evidence
of a behavior of tissues which will certainly
differ from that of the usual traumatic kind of
lesions, such as a cut with a knife or a burn.
It was as though the guiding forces of the cells
workeddifferently and here were some that were
trying to do one type of thing, and others that
were attempting to do other kinds of things.
lf we should think of somatic mutations as
being @ partial explanation of what is happening and then think what would be the situation
if the radiation were distributed throughout
the body, perhaps we begin to get some basis
of an explanation of what the aging processes
are, andin relation to this, perhaps within the
count in attempting to explain these various
kinds of processes that we are seeing.
Dr. Hunspaw. Yes.
Col. Brennan. Every layer gave its own
type of tumor.
Dr. Hensyaw, Yes. Not only that, but
there were hair folicle tumors, gland tumors,
and other kinds of tissue expressions. There
were a few connective tissue tumors. When
we used more penetrating radiations those were
more frequent. Then the related observations
that when you have bone seckers you get the
bone tumors, so it is largely a matter of distribution of the radiation as to the kinds of malignancies that oceur.
Col. Brennan. Thank you. Certainly malignancy is the big question to be watched here.
Perhaps when Dr. Conrad makes his 27th
semiannual visit to the Marshallese, we will
have the answer. (Laughter.)
Mr. Joseph Lindwarm of the Chemical Corps
has some remarks which are pertinent to the
general subject of beta, particularly with regard
to what the consequences would be to take
steps to avoid this sort of thing.
Would you
please give us the benefits of your remarks.
Mr. Linpwarm (Army Chemical Center).
My comments on the beta hazard are being
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