35
TRANSIENT EDDIES
25}
0
10
0
0
10+
10
-500
1000
i.
95 |
i
L
-50
20+
L
- 10
,0
U)
-500
°
100
0
| '0
WINTER
9 79
=0
C,
40
2
0
(a)
* 10}
md
5
cD
5
20
-500
5
20
40
C24
a
25}
- 1000
=
STANDING EDDIES
-5
= 1st
0
0
-100
>f
ri
395
“|
20+
0
0
KD a
30 +
WINTER
l
-500°
LL
-250 -100
1
1
iL
0
STANDING AND TRANSIENT EDDIES
-5 0
5
0
winter
20 +
15+
10+
5
=
0
90
A
80
70
6
50
40
30
LATITUDE, DEGREES
2
4
2
10
Fig. 1—Distribution of the components contributing to the conversion
of zonal potential energy to eddy potential energy, ergs/ cm®/sec for a
column 2.5 km deep.
a transfer of potential energy from the mean zonal to the eddy state;
this is the first step in the atmospheric heat engine after the generation by radiative processes. Additional negative values in the higher
latitudes of the stratosphere form a part of the upper-level heat engine.
In middle latitudes in the lower stratosphere there is a refrigerated
region,
and another is evident in the tropics (recently discussed by
Starr and Wallace”), It is evident from the data that the standing