.
6S
EFFECTS OF IONIZING
RADIATION
Table §.1—Biologically Hazardous Internally Deposited Fission Products
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Froin: ' Seaborg and Perlman, Rev. ‘Mod. Physics, 20:583, 1945.
results in a reduction of Liood cells, and thus
affects the entire vody.
Information on the biological effects of internally deposited isutopes is derived from the
limited studies of accidental vadioisotopic poisonme in hhumans,.ov from animal expevimentation, The best documented data on the effects
of small amounts of internally deposited emitters in humm beings are obtained from studies
of radium poixoning, As a resntt of radium
deposition, terurmnal anemia, bone necrosis and
osteovenic sarcoma appeared after a numberof
years. “The residual activity im the body associated with these effects ix 1 to 2 microtrams
of radium.
Raditun is a particularly hazard-
ous element when deposited internally because
of its Jong liglhogical aud radiological half-life.
Very few data are available on the lone term
bialogical effects inhuman beines of the shorter
lived isotopes such as Si, 7) P™ apd Na®,
The metabolism, excretion and biological effects
of a number of fission products have been
b
9002113
Few data are available concerning the effects
of internal contamination with mixed fission
products from nuclear detonations. Contaimtnation is not produced .by every detonation of
a nuclear device. For example, no internal
contamination wax detected in tadividuals ex-
posed to the vir burst at Nagasakt and Tire-
shin.
In field tests of the contaminating type of
atomic detanation, antmials that inhaled fission —
products during short periods of exposure were
found (o have insignificant amounts of internal
contamination, .
-
+.
The long term effects (primarily inalignant
changes) resultins from radium deposition have
been used to set the Himits for maximum permissihle body concentrations of a few bone seeking radioisotopes in the body (5). Maxiniuan
permissible body content of other radioisotopes
are estimafed on quantities resulting in a dose
of O.3 vem per week to the tissue of highest
concentration.
,
t
tissues. The ciunage tothe blood forming tissue
(2), Bloom (3). However, most of these studies
do not cover the problem of the long term etfects
in animals produced by small amounts of internally deposited isotopes.
tea tee.
A
wets
the radiosensitive bone marrow than to other
studied in animals by Hamilton (1), Abrams
SOMES SteeSear:_~ SREY
ok
general, Jong radiological and biological halflives and produce high-energy beta particles.
Thus, they cause creater damage to bone and ta
oe! ig
? Hamilton, J. G. Rev. Mod. Physies, 20:718, 1945.
1 Handbook 52, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards.
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