Chapter 3—Containing Underground Nuclear Explosions @ 45
Figure 3-8—Tunnel Closure Sequence
A
Zero
RF -
tume
|
|
|
Working oaint
Muffler
set
|
LOS pipe
|
Mecnanical closure: TAPS:
/
Mechanica! c:osuretGSAC,
Grounc
SPOCK
end of stemming
Mechanica! closure: MAC)
Stemming
9149
B
»
933
p=
h
Qe
, ee | ee =
seconds
1
Test cnamber
/
|
Working oint S
Mechanical zosuret TAPS.
|
Mechanicai 2 osuraiGSACi
é
“est ~amper
Eng of stemming
Mecrar cal cosurei MAC:
°
Groung
srock ®
Stemming dtug
\
\
c 905
seconds
— Pp
'
\
Workin
Point °
—
_—p_/
a
t
Mechancal c'osurei TAPS:
Mecnan.cai closureiGSAC)
|
mal
-
———
Test chamber
~
.
End af stemming
Mecnanical closureiMAC,
Residual stress
Fieig
a
‘Peak -0 3 «bar:
»
\
D
Stemming
:
Diug
02
seconas
qT
wt
Mechanical closurer TAPS |
Working ooint
Mecnanical ciosure(GSAC)
a
+
—
.
“ast chameer
Ly
Eng of stemiring
Mechanical closure:MAC:
»
Residual stress
field
(Peak 0 3 kbar)
Final cavity
(<0 1 kbar)
—
\
1
Stemming
pig
yl
975
seconds
—
|
Y
Working point
J
|
Mecnanical Closure: TAPS)
Mechanical ciosuretGSAC:
r
|
Aa
=i
—
f
;
Test
est chamoer
cna
Erg af stemming
Mechanica! ciosureiMAC:
A) Zero Time: Expiosion is detonated and thefirst two mechanical closuresare fired. B) Within 0.03 seconds, a stemming plug ‘s being
formed and mechanical pipe closure has occurred. C) Within 0.05 seconds, the stemming plug has formed. D) Within 0 2 seconds. cavity
growth is complete and a surrounding compressive residual stress field has formed. E) Within 0.75 seconds, closure is comclete
SOURCE: Modified from Defense Nuclear Agency.