4.1
RELATIVE ACTIVITY.
The basic fallout radiological data calculated for Shot Bravo was provided by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) (Reference 11).
were
performed
(Reference 12).
using
the
isotope
generation
and
The calculations
depletion
code
ORIGEN
Modifications to the ORIGEN-calculated results were made based on
radiation chemistry data for Bravo available to LLNL. The LLNL-calculated data for
Bravo thus reflect the device-specific characteristics (such as fissile nuclides, neutron
energy, and light/heavy element production) that are necessary to correctly specify
the radionuclide content of the fallout material. The unfractionated inventory is used
because it high-sides organ doses derived from an iodine-based bioassay and because no
specific level of fractionation can be substantiated.
Plutonium nuclide information
does not explicitly appear in Reference 11, but has been derived based on guidance
from the author.
4.2
INVENTORY NORMALIZATION.
As
previously
mentioned,
urine
samples
were
collected
from
American servicemen and sent to US faboratories for analysis.
the exposed
These afford the
opportunity for a more accurate dose calculation than possible from first-principle
physical considerations.
On-site radiation surveys were late (D+9 days) and did not
facilitate an interna! exposure analysis (Reference 8). The urinalysis data collected by
Dr. Payne S. Harris of the Los Alamos National
Laboratory are the most useful for
this dose calculation because they are based on a comparatively early (D+17 days)
sample collection and are well documented (Reference 9).
The urinalysis results
reported by the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory involved samples collected
much later (D+44 days and after), for which the available documentation is weak
(Reference 13).
It is understood that urinalysis results were also reported by medical
personnel at Tripler Army Hospital; however, apparently the sample collection times
were so late that meaningful results were not reported (Reference 4).
The urinalysis data reported by Dr. Harris for the American servicemen were
based on a
10-man, pooled urine sample collected on 18 March 1954.
if
The urine