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medium as discussed in Section IV, tests of 10 kilotons might be made
to look like a normal 1-kiloton explosion, and perhaps, with more
difficulty, 50 kilotons to look like 5. According to seismologists, it
is unlikely that a nuclear explosion could be so conducted (by proper
shaping of the explosion chamber) that the signal is dilatational in
some directions.
The seismic signals would locate the source within about 5 miles.
Investigation on the spot will then be necessary to decide whether tie
signal could be due to a test, this is described in Section 3e of
Appendix A.
Cne would presumably try to find the entrance to the tunnel
which was used for the test. The experiment could be carried out ina
remote area, where there would be no people to give away the game,
but then such indicators as roads, unusual human activity, etc.,
might make the inspection team dispatched on receipt and study of the
seismic signal suspicious. They would still have to find the entrance
(say a 6 foot hole, since covered up), proceed to the correct part of
the tunnel, and drill successfully to get proof. This is rnade difficult
by the small radius of the shell in which the radioactivity is concentrated (55 feet for Rainier). Alternatively one might use an area of
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substantial human activity, thus producing less unuesual change in
what .3 going on, but perhaps requiring more local people to
about vvhat was going on or become suspicious aboutit.
To summarize:
1. Detection of underground shots depends entirely on a seismic
net. Identification depends on local investigation.
Within the five mile
may a
order of 400 W!/3 or larger as desired.
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2. Adequate proof of violation probably depends on location of the
debris, which is confined to a shell whose radius is of the order
of 40 w!/3 feet where W is in KT, and whose depth is of the
in finding the activity.
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radius circle of uncertainty identified by the seismic signals,
the entrance to the tunnel or hole must be found as a beginning
Broad access is required to have a good
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chance of locating the debris and thus providing proof.
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